无论是身处学校还是步入社会，我们都经常看到练习题的身影，做习题有助于提高我们分析问题和解决问题的能力。你所见过的习题是什么样的呢？
SECTION III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Dilrections:
Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1
Sometime in the middle of the 15th century, a well-to-do merchant from London buried more than 6,700 gold and silver coins on a sloping, hillside in Surrey. He was fleeing the War of the Ro-ses and planned to return during better times. But he never did. The coins lay undisturbed until one September evening in 1990, when local resident Roger Mintey chanced upon them with a metal de-tector, a device used to determine the presence of metals. Minteys find much of.which now sits in the British Museum-earned him roughly $350,000, enough to quit his job with a small manu- facturer and spend more time pursuing lost treasure.
But digging up the past is controversial in Britain. In many European countries, metal detecto- fists, or people using metal detectors, face tough regulations. In the U. K., however, officials in- troduced a scheme in 1997 encouraging hobbyists to report their discoveries (except for those fall- ing under the definition of treasure, like Minteys find, which they are required to report)--but al- lowing them to keep what they find, or receive a reward. Last year, a hidden store was uncovered
in a field outside Birmingham. It consists of more than 1,500 gold and silver objects from the sev- enth century and was valued at more than $4.5 million. While local museums hurry to raise enough money to keep the find off the open market, it sits in limbo, owned by the Crown but fa- cing claims by the landowner and the metal detectorist who found it.
The find marks the latest battleground in the increasingly heated conflict between the countrys 10,000-20,000 metal detectorists and the museum workers determined to protect its precious old objects. Supporters say the scheme stems the loss of valuable information about precious old ob-jects, while opponents argue that metal detectorists dont report everything.
The debate centers on the larger question of who owns the past. "Theres been a slow move over the centuries that precious old things belong to us all," says Professor Christopher Chippindale of Cambridge University. But in Britain at least, the temptation of buried treasure could change all that.
46. According to the first paragraph, the coins in Surrey were
A. worth roughly $350,000
B. possessed by a local resident
C. unearthed about 500 years ago
D. left by a merchant during a war
47. What do we know about Roger Mintey?
A. He produces metal detectors.
B. He owns a manufacturing firm.
C. He works for the British Museum.
D. He seeks buried treasure as a hobby.
48. In the U. K., metal detectorists
A. are rewarded for whatever they find
B. are forced to obey tough regulations
C. may keep what they have discovered
D. should report whatever they discover
49. As for the find outside Birmingham, it is still unclear
A. how much it is worth
B. how it was discovered
C. who is entitled to it
D. what it is made up of
50. According to Professor Christopher Chippindale, buried treasure
A. is owned by the public
B. is debated in a heated way
C. remains a big temptation
D. turns precious over time
Part A
Text 1
在15世纪中期，一位来自伦敦的富有商人将6700多枚金币和银币埋藏在萨里的一座倾斜的山坡里。他当时在躲避玫瑰战争，打算在战争结束时再返回，但是他却没能回来。这些金银币一直藏在地下，直到1990年九月的一个夜晚，当地的一位居民Roger Mintey偶然间用一种探测金属的仪器发现了它们。Mintey发现的金银币大约价值35万美金(大部分硬币现保存在大不列颠博物馆)，这笔钱足够他辞去小工厂的工作并继续搜寻剩下的宝藏。
但是这种挖掘在当时的英国是备受争议的。在许多欧洲国家，金属探测者或使用金属探测器的人都将面临严厉的法律制裁。然而，l997年
英国官方颁布了一项新制度，鼓励爱好者们上报他们的发现(除了那些属于宝藏范围内的。物品，Mintey的发现就属于此范围，必须上报)，但允许他们拥有发现的物品或上报赢得奖励。去年，在伯明翰郊外发现了一处隐秘的仓库。该仓库中藏有1500多件7世纪的金制品和银制品，价值高达450多万美元。正当当地的博物馆急着筹集资金去购买这些制品以免其流入市场时，它的归属权还在争论，其皇族拥有者遭到了土地拥有者及发现者的指责。
这些被发现的物品激发了英国l至2万金属探测者和博物馆力图保护文物的工作人员之间的白热化的战争。支持者认为此制度阻止了珍贵文物的流失，而反对者认为金属探测者们不会上报所有东西。这场争论的重点在于到底谁应该拥有历史遗产。剑桥大学的Chris—topherChippindale教授说道，“过去几个世纪以来，人们渐渐开始认为这些珍贵的文物属于我们所有人”。但是至少在英国，这些埋葬的宝藏诱惑着很多人，从而改变了一切。
46.D【精析】细节题。关于萨里的硬币，从文章第一段第一、二句“…awell—to—do merchant from London buried more than 6，700...He was fleeing the War of the Roses…”可知，这些硬币是被一位商人在战争中留下的，D正确。由第一段最后一句“Mintey’s find--much ofwhich now sits in the British Museum--eamed him roughly$350.000…spend more time pursuing lost treasure.”可知Mintey发现的金银币大约值三十五万美元，但他并没有发现全部的，题干问的是埋在底下的全部金币的信息，所以A不正确；第一段没有提及归属权的问题，故8错误；由第一段开头可知，金币是在15世纪中期(大约l650年左右)埋藏的，l990年发现，中间大约340年左右，故C不正确。综上所述，故选D。
47.D【精析】推断题。由文章第一段可知，Mintey只是使用金属探测器发现了金币，并不是他发明了金属探测器，故A不正确。由第一段最后一句可知，Mintey是在一家工厂工作，并不是拥有一家工厂，故B、C不正确。从文章第一段最后两句可知，Roger Mintey是偶然间用金属探测器发现的并且他在一家小工厂工作，第二段第三句也提到政府鼓励爱好者上报他们的发现，并举了Mintey的例子，由此可推断Mintey只是将此作为爱好，故选D。
48.C【精析】细节题。根据第二段第三句“In the U.K.，however，offi—cials introduced a scheme in l997 encouraging hobbyists to repoa their discoveries(…)一but allowing them to keep what they receive a reward.”可知，在英国，政府出台政策鼓励人们上报发现的物品，但是允许他们拥有，故选c。
49.C【精析】推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“While local muse umshurry to raise enough money to keep the find off the open market，it sits in limb0，owned by the Crown but facing claims by the landowner and the metal detectorist who find it.”可知，关于该宝藏的归属权还在争论中，故选C。
50.A【精析】细节题。从文章最后一段第二句“1here’S been a slow more over the centuries that precious old things belong to US all.”可知，这位教授认为这些宝藏或文物是属于大家共有的，故选A。
"Family" is of course an elastic word. And in different countries it has different meanings. Butwhen British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of "family"in itsnarrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together in their own houseas an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and in-dependent family--hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both man andwoman, marriage means leaving one’s parents and starting one’s own life. The man’s first duty willthen be to his wife, and the wife’s to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financialsupport, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibilityand their alone. Neither the wife’s parents nor the husband’s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts oruncles, have any right to interfere with them-they are their own masters.
Readers of novels likeJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times, marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl’s parents, that is, it was the "parents' duty tofind a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement tolead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected andmaintained in the parents' home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in theirgiving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry （嫁妆）。 It is very different girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before theirmarriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry. Everycoin has two sides; independence for girls is no exception. But it may be a good thing for all of thegirls, as their social status are much higher and they are no longer the subordinate（部下，下级） oftheir parents and husbands.
46、 What does the author mean by "Family is of course an elastic word"？
[A]Different families have different ways of life.
[B]Different definitions could be given to the word.
[C]Different nations have different families.
[D]Different times produce different families.
47、 For an English family, the husband’s duty is________
[A]supporting the family while the wife is working out
[B]defending the family while the wife is running the home
[C]providing financial support while the wife is running the home
[D]independent while his wife is also independent
48、 Everything is decided in a family________
[A]by the couple
[B]with the help of their parents
[C]by brothers and sisters
[D]with the help of aunts and uncles
49、 What is TRUE conceming the book Pride and Prejudice?
[A]It is the best book on marriage.
[B]It is a handbook on marriage.
[C]It gives some idea of English social life in the past.
[D]It provides a lot of information of former-time wealthy families.
50、 With regard to marriage in Britain, present-day girls differ from former-time girls in________
[A]the right family
[B]more parental support
[C]choosing husbands
[D]social position
The best known and loved of all our many Christmas songs SilentNight was written in Oberndorf, a tiny village in Bavarian mountains. On Christmas eve, 1818, Oberndorf had been 67 by a severe snowstorm, but 68 the inhabitants cheerfully prepared for the Christmas 69 Then they discovered, to their 70 , that the organ (风琴) had broken 71 .
A village schoolmasterand church 72 knew how unhappy the people in the villagewould be, for music was the 73 of all their celebration. So he went to thepriest and 74 that the priest write a75 song for the Christmas celebration that could be sung 76 any preparation. The priest promised to do his 77 Towards evening hewent 78 theschoolmaster with the lovely words of the song Silent Night. Then theschoolmaster composed a melody to 79 the words. On Christmas morning, the beautiful 80 was sung for the first time, A guitar was the 81 accompaniment (伴奏) and the words "Silent night, Holy night, all is calm, all is bright " 82 pure and clear in the Bavarian air. Thesong was not 83 to England until one hundredyears later. 84 have changed, but"Silent Night" has remained. It is still sung 85 comers of the world where people 86 thebirth of Jesus Christ.
67. A) isolated
B) covered
C) enclosed
D) surrounded
68. A) later
B) still
C) yet
D) also
69. A) eve
B) season
C) time
D) festivities
70. A) encouragement
B)amusement
C) disappointment
D) surprise
71. A) in
B) off
C) away
D) down
72. A) goer
B) organist
C) pianist
D) choirmaster
73. A) center
C) heart
B) middle
D) midst
74. A) suggested
B) ordered
C) claimed
D) agreed
75. A) complicated
B) similar
C) same
D) special
76. A) for
B) without
C) along
D) except
77. A) work
B) job
C) best
D) good
78. A) home
B) to the home of
C) to home of
D) to home
79. A) fill in
B) equip
C) fit
D) prove
80. A) music
B) carol
C) words
D) melody
81. A) merely
C) once
B) solely
D) only
82. A) sounded
B) heard
C) sung
D) appeared
83. A) taken
B) sung
C) brought
D) forwarded
84. A) Days
B) Times
C) Years
D) Period
85. A) in all
B) at all
C) on all
D) all over
86. A) memorize
B) commemorate
C) recognize
D) remember
【答案解析】
67. A
68. B
69. D
70. C
71. D
72. B
73. C
74. A
75. D
76. B
77. C
78. B
79. C
80. B
81. D
82. A
83. C
84. B
85. A
86. B
To swim across the English Channel takes at least nine hours. It's a hard work and it makes you short of breath. To fly over the Channel takes only twenty minutes (as long as you're not held up at the airport) , but it's an expensive way to travel.You can travel by hovercraft if you don't mind the noise, and that takes forty minutes. Otherwise you can go by boat, if you forget your sea-sickness ills. All these means of transport have their problems and the weary traveler often dreams of being able to drive to France in his own car." Not possible", you say, Well, wait a minute.People are once again considering the idea of a Channel tunnel or bridge.
This time, the Greater London Council is looking into the possibility of building a Channel link straight to London. A bridge would cost far more than a tunnel, but you would be able to go by rail or by car on a bridge, whereas a tunnel would provide ar all link only.
Why is this idea being discussed again? Is Britain becoming more conscious of the need for links with Europe as a result of joining the EEC ? Well, perhaps.The main reason, though, is that a tunnel or bridge would reach the twenty square kilometers of London's disused dockland. A link from London to the continent would stimulate trade and re-vitalize the port, and would make London a main trading center in Europe. With alink over the Channel, you could buy your fish and chips in England, and be able to eat them in France while they were still warm!
1.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Swimming across the Channel takes tess than four hours
B.The idea of a Channel tunnel or bridge is a very new one
C.It is considered to be more difficult to swim across the channel than any other means
D.A tunnel or bridge would only reach as far as the coast
2.A tunnel would be ( ).
A.less expensive to be built than a bridge
B.more expensive to be built than a bridge
C.less expensive to be built than a rail
D.more expensive to be built than a rail
3.If they built a Channel tunnel, you would ( ).
A.neither take a train nor go by ear
B.only take a train
C.either take a train or go by car
D.only take a bus
4.It can be concluded that many of London's dockyards are ( ).
A.not used
B.seriously blocked
C.fully used
D.opened again
5.Channel link would ( ).
A.allow us to buy fish and chips inFrance
B.make the journey from Europe to England dangerous but easier and faster
C.decrease more trade forLondon's dockyards
D.makeLondon more prosperous again
答案解析：
1.【解析】C
推理判断题。可用排除法：开篇第一句已清楚地说明游过英吉利海峡至少要九小时，所以A说少于四小时是不对的；第一段最后一句中有一个非常重要的词，就是again.既然是again就说明建隧道、修大桥已不是新想法了，B也随之被淘汰；根据文章第二段第一句，隧道可直达伦敦，不只到海岸线，D也排除了。而cC是正确的，游过去当然要比坐船、乘飞机困难多了。
2.【解析】A
事实细节题。根据文章第二段第二句，建隧道要比建大桥便宜得多。
3.【解析】B
事实细节题。根据文章第二段第二句，隧道里只能供火车行走。
4.【解析】A
事实细节题。根据文章第三段第四句，伦敦的船坞地都是disused(废弃不用的)。
5.【解析】D
事实细节题。文章最后一段倒数第二句，这条路能够激活贸易，使伦敦成为欧洲的一个商业中心，所以当然会使伦敦繁荣起来。A显然低估了这条通路的作用；B.C谈到的作用都是负面的。
Part A
Text 1
在15世纪中期，一位来自伦敦的富有商人将6700多枚金币和银币埋藏在萨里的一座倾斜的山坡里。他当时在躲避玫瑰战争，打算在战争结束时再返回，但是他却没能回来。这些金银币一直藏在地下，直到1990年九月的一个夜晚，当地的一位居民Roger Mintey偶然间用一种探测金属的仪器发现了它们。Mintey发现的金银币大约价值35万美金(大部分硬币现保存在大不列颠博物馆)，这笔钱足够他辞去小工厂的工作并继续搜寻剩下的宝藏。
但是这种挖掘在当时的英国是备受争议的。在许多欧洲国家，金属探测者或使用金属探测器的'人都将面临严厉的法律制裁。然而，l997年
英国官方颁布了一项新制度，鼓励爱好者们上报他们的发现(除了那些属于宝藏范围内的物品，Mintey的发现就属于此范围，必须上报)，但允许他们拥有发现的物品或上报赢得奖励。去年，在伯明翰郊外发现了一处隐秘的仓库。该仓库中藏有1500多件7世纪的金制品和银制品，价值高达450多万美元。正当当地的博物馆急着筹集资金去购买这些制品以免其流入市场时，它的归属权还在争论，其皇族拥有者遭到了土地拥有者及发现者的指责。
这些被发现的物品激发了英国l至2万金属探测者和博物馆力图保护文物的工作人员之间的白热化的战争。支持者认为此制度阻止了珍贵文物的流失，而反对者认为金属探测者们不会上报所有东西。这场争论的重点在于到底谁应该拥有历史遗产。剑桥大学的Chris—topherChippindale教授说道，“过去几个世纪以来，人们渐渐开始认为这些珍贵的文物属于我们所有人”。但是至少在英国，这些埋葬的宝藏诱惑着很多人，从而改变了一切。
46.D【精析】细节题。关于萨里的硬币，从文章第一段第一、二句“…awell—to—do merchant from London buried more than 6，700...He was fleeing the War of the Roses…”可知，这些硬币是被一位商人在战争中留下的，D正确。由第一段最后一句“Mintey’s find--much ofwhich now sits in the British Museum--eamed him roughly$350.000…spend more time pursuing lost treasure.”可知Mintey发现的金银币大约值三十五万美元，但他并没有发现全部的，题干问的是埋在底下的全部金币的信息，所以A不正确；第一段没有提及归属权的问题，故8错误；由第一段开头可知，金币是在15世纪中期(大约l650年左右)埋藏的，l990年发现，中间大约340年左右，故C不正确。综上所述，故选D。
47.D【精析】推断题。由文章第一段可知，Mintey只是使用金属探测器发现了金币，并不是他发明了金属探测器，故A不正确。由第一段最后一句可知，Mintey是在一家工厂工作，并不是拥有一家工厂，故B、C不正确。从文章第一段最后两句可知，Roger Mintey是偶然间用金属探测器发现的并且他在一家小工厂工作，第二段第三句也提到政府鼓励爱好者上报他们的发现，并举了Mintey的例子，由此可推断Mintey只是将此作为爱好，故选D。
48.C【精析】细节题。根据第二段第三句“In the U.K.，however，offi—cials introduced a scheme in l997 encouraging hobbyists to repoa their discoveries(…)一but allowing them to keep what they receive a reward.”可知，在英国，政府出台政策鼓励人们上报发现的物品，但是允许他们拥有，故选c。
49.C【精析】推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“While local muse umshurry to raise enough money to keep the find off the open market，it sits in limb0，owned by the Crown but facing claims by the landowner and the metal detectorist who find it.”可知，关于该宝藏的归属权还在争论中，故选C。
50.A【精析】细节题。从文章最后一段第二句“1here’S been a slow more over the centuries that precious old things belong to US all.”可知，这位教授认为这些宝藏或文物是属于大家共有的，故选A。
DIY Your Own Desserts
We offer different kinds of classes to you all. A very popular class we are offering these 10 days is the class named “DIY Your Own Desserts”。
Can you imagine how happy your beloved one will be when you give him/her your DIY desserts on the special days like birthday. Mother’s Day and Father’s Day? Come to our class and make your own desserts. Give your beloved one some surprises! The class runs daily and it is a completely hands-on personal cooking experience lasting up to 4 hours learning 3-4 recipes (食谱) each lesson. The teacher will first show how to cook different recipes in front of you. And then he will guide you on how to prepare and make the food. .
At the end of the class you can either eat the meal prepared during the class or take it home with you. What’s more, you’ll be able to take home the copies of all the recipes. Costs:$30 each lesson. You can start at any time.
Go to our website to get more information about the class. You can either e-mail us or come to our office for attending it
52. You can join the class if you like to .
A. offer some recipes
B. teach how to cook
C. make desserts yourself
D. get some surprises
53. You will in the class.
A. eat the meal with teacher
B. celebrate the special days
C. learn 2-3 recipes each lesson
D. have a hands-on experience
54. You will pay for five lessons.
A.$30
B. $60
C. $120
D. $150
55. How can you attend the class?
A. Make a phone call to them.
B. Send them an e-mail.
C. Get information from parents.
D. Come to the class directly.
【参考答案】：52-55 CDDB
【语篇解读】：本文是一篇广告。主要是介绍DIY Your Own Desserts课程的'主要内容以及课程的费用和报名的方式。
【逐题解析】：
52. C 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中“Come to our class and make your.
own desserts.”可知，如果你想亲自做些甜品，可以加入这个课程。本题难度较小。
53. D 【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中“The class runs daily and it is a completely hands-on personal cooking experience lasting up to 4 hours learning 3-4 recipes each lesson.”可知，在这个课堂上，你可以有亲身实践的烹饪经历。本题难度适中。
54. D 【解析】细节推断题。由文中“$30 each lesson”可知，五节课需要$150。本题难度较小。
55. B 【解析】细节理解题。由文中“You can either e-mail us or come to our office for attending it”可知，可以通过发送邮件或直接去办公室报名参加。本题难度较小。
One of the most commonly-held beliefs regarding health and nutrition in the UK has been found to be untrue, according to a new scientific study.
For many years British people have been __1__ to eat at least 'five- a-day' – that is five items of fruit or vegetables every day__2__ improve their health and __3__ the likelihood of illness, __4__ cancer.
The recommendation was first __5__in 1990 by the World Health Organization which said that the 'five-a-day' diet could __6__ cancer and other chronic diseases.
__7__ the advice has been a mainstay （支柱） of public health policies in many developed countries, such as the UK, __8__ the population eat a high__9__ of junk food.
Many health campaigns have __10__ the advice, and indeed much food packaging in Britain states how the __11__ will constitute part of your five- a-day.
_12___, a study of 500,000 Europeans from 10 different countries refutes （驳斥） the commonly-believed __13__ that up to 50% of cancers could be prevented by _14___ the public's consumption of fruit and vegetables.
Instead the study, which is _15__ by researchers from a well-respected New Yorkmedical school, __16__ that only 2.5% of cancers could be averted by eating more fruit and vegetables.
It seems that the __17__ to avoiding cancers is to have an overall healthy lifestyle __18__ includes not smoking or drinking a lot of alcohol, taking exercise and avoiding obesity （肥胖症）。
But medical charities have spoken out to __19__ people that diet is an important factor in staying healthy, and that even a 2.5% reduction __20__ cancers is still a positive step.
1
A. compelled
B. recommended
C. proposed
D. required
2
A. in order to
B. such that
C. as to
D. so that
3
A. decline
B. undermine
C. destroy
D. reduce
4
A. in essence
B. in total
C. in particular
D. in depth
5
A. put across
B. put down
C. put forward
D. put up
6
A. prevent
B. check
C. escape
D. avoid
7
A. For the time
B. At present
C. Little by little
D. Since then
8
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. which
9
A. division
B. proportion
C. component
D. section
10
A. mentioned
B. declared
C. promoted
D. reflected
11
A. materials
B. contents
C. supplies
D. resources
12
A. Similarly
B. Though
C. Therefore
D. However
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or D on your ANSWER SHEET.
It is an unfortunate fact of todays life that most people are growing up unable to see the stars.
The prime night sky exists only 26pictures. This is true not only in cities and suburbs, but al-so in 27areas. We have lost our view of the stars and 28our nighttime environment as well.
Such a loss29be acceptable if light pollution were the inevitable price of progress, 30it is not. Most sky glow is 31 . It comes mainly from lighting sources that do little to increase32 safety, security or utility. They produce only glare,33over one billion dollars annually in the U.S. alone.
34science, the impact has been even more dramatic. Scientists require observations of extremely faint objects that can only be 35 with advanced devices at sites 36of air pollu-tion and urban sky glow. For example, some images of the objects can 37information about faraway comers of the universe, helping us understand the way in 38our world was actually formed.39 , the light from these objects can be lost at the very end of its 40 in the glare of our own sky.
Reducing light pollution is not difficult. It 41that public officials and citizens be 42of the problem and act to counter it. As 43people can help reduce sky glow just by 44 lighting only when necessary.
The stars above us are a 45heritage. We must do our best to preserve it.
26. A. on
B. fromC. inD. at "
27. A. local
B. rural
C. industrial
D. scenic
28. A. mined
B. reduced
C. dirtied
D. wasted
29. A. should
B. may
C. might
D. will
30. A. but"
B. as
C. because
D. though
31. A. inadequate
B. invisible
C. unpredictable
D. unnecessary
32. A. nighttime
B. lifetime
C. peacetime
D. longtime
33. A. costing
B. making
C. putting
D. raising
34. A. At
B. From
C. For
D. Over
35. A. accepted
B. made
C. pushed
D. sent
36. A. worthy
B. typical
C. critical
D. free
37. A. collect
B. offer
C. share
D. save
38. A. that
B. what
C. when
D. which
39. A. Besides
B. Instead
C. Therefore
D. Yet
40. A. march
B. visit
C.journey
D. flight
41. A. indicates
B. proves
C. requires
D. shows
42. A. ashamed
B. aware
C. independent
D. tired
43. A. individuals
B. natives
C. residents
D. victims
44. A. fixing
B. providing
C. taking
D. using
45. A. cosfless
B. priceless
C. valueless
D. worthless
第二部分英语知识运用
参考译文
如今大部分人在生活中很难看到天空中的繁星，这真是一件憾事。星光灿烂的夜空只有在图片里才能见到。不仅城市和郊区是这样，连乡村也是如此。我们不但看不到星星，同样这也污染了夜空的环境。如果光污染是人类进步所不可避免要付出的代价，那么这种损失或许可以被接受，但事实并非如此。大多数人工白昼是不必要的，因为它们并非是用来增加夜晚安全或照明的，它们只是发出耀眼的光。仅在美国一年就在此项上花费十亿多美元。光污染给科学带来的影响更加严重。科学家们需要用精密仪器观察极其细微的物体，这种观测需在没有空气污染和城市灯光的环境下才能进行。例如，一些物体的影像可以提供宇宙遥远角落的信息，帮助我们了解地球实际形成的方式。然而，这些物体发出的。光线可能在到达地球时被人工光源所覆盖而消失。减少光污染并不难，需要政府官员和公民们意识到这个问题并面对
它。就个人而言，仅在必要时使用照明，就能有助于大幅减少人工白昼现象。
闪耀在我们上空的星星是无价的文明遗产，我们必须尽我们所能去保护它。
26.C【精析】本题考查介词词义辨析。on“在…之上”;from“来自…”;in“在…里”;at“在(场合)”。根据句意，应是“在图片里”，C选项符合题意，故选C。
27.B【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。local“当地的”;rural“乡村的”;industrial“工业的”;scenic“风景优美的”。前文提到城市、郊区，此处应为乡村，rural符合题意，故选B。
28.C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。ruin“毁坏”;reduce“减少”;dirty“污染”;waste“浪费”。此处为污染夜空，C选项符合题意，故选C。
29.C【精析】本题考查的是情态动词用法。此句中的if是非真实条件句，是一种虚拟和假设，如果光污染是进步所必须付出的代价，那么这种损失或许可以接受，might符合题意，故选C。
30.A【精析】本题考查的是上下文语义的衔接。此句是虚拟，事实并非如此，所以应用转折，故选A。、
31.D【精析】本题考查形容词辨析。inadequate“不恰当的”;invisible“看不见的”;unpredictable“不可预知的”;unnecessary“不必要的”。由上下文可知，此处应表达的是许多人工照明其实是不必要的，unnecessary符合题意，故选D。
32.A【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。由上文说人工白昼是不必要的，下文解释原因，“它们并非是用来增加夜晚安全或照明的，它们只是发出耀眼的光”。nighttime“夜晚”;lifetime“一生”;peace—time“和平时期”;longtime“长时间”。由题意可知A选项正确，故选A。
33.A【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。cost“花费”;make“制作”;put“放置”;raise“提高”。此处是说花费美国十亿美金，故选A。
34.C【精析】本题考查介词词义辨析。at“在(场合)”;from“来自…”;over“超过，在…之上”;for“对…来说”。此处是对于科学来说，for符合题意，故选C。
35.B 【精析】本题考查动词搭配。此处的动词是跟前面的observations搭配的，只有make符合，故选B。
36.D【精析】本题考查固定搭配。四个选项中，只有free可以和后面的of搭配，表示“没有、免除”，故选D。
37.B【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。collect“收集”;offer“提供”;share“分享”;save“保存”。此处意为一些物体的影像可以为研究提供信息，0ffer符合题意，故选B。
38.D【精析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。此引导词要修饰先行词way，前面又有in搭配，应为in which表示一种方式，故选D。
39.D【精析】本题考查连词用法。根据上下文意思，此处应为转折，besides“而且”;instead“而不是”;therefore“因此”;yet“然而”。故选D。
40.C【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。march“行进”;visit“参观”;joumey“旅途”;flight“飞行”。此处意为这些物体的光线可能在到达地球的途中被覆盖，只有journey有旅途之意，故选C。
41.C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。此处意为要减少光污染需要政府官员和公民去解决。indicate“指出”;prove“证明”;require“要求”;show“显示”。故选C。
42.B【精析】本题考查固定搭配。此处意为官员和公民要意识到光污染的问题。be aware of“意识到”，故选B。
43.A【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。前面说政府官员和公民要意识到光污染的问题，此处是说作为个人，应该怎么做。individual“个人”;native“本地人”;resident“居民”;victim“受害者”。故选A。
44.D【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。fix“修理”;provide“提供”;take“带走”;use“使用”。根据句意，此处意为只在必要时使用照明，故选D。
45.B 【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。costless“不花钱的”;value—less“不值钱的”;worthless“无用的”;priceless“无价的”。由下句“我们必须尽我们所能去保护它”可知，此处意为无价的文明遗产，故选B。
By the time the Montgomery Improvement Association chose the 26-year-old Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader, the hours-old bus boyott by the black citizens of Montgomery, Alabama, was already an overwhelming success. King would later write that his unanticipated call to leadership "happened so quickly that I did not have time to think in through." "It is probable that if I had, I would have declined the nomination."
Although press reports at the time focused on his inspiring oratory, King was actually a reluctant leader of a movement initiated by others.(The boyott began on Dec. 5 1955.) His subsequent writings and private correspondence reveal man whose inner doubts sharply contrast with his public persona. In the early days of his involvement, King was troubled by telephone threats, discord within the black community and Montgomery's "get tough" policy, to which king attributed his jailing on a minor traffic violation. One night, as he considered ways to "move out of the picture without appearing a coward," he began to pray aloud and, at that moment, "experienced the presence of the God as I had never experienced Him before."
He would later admit that when the boyott began, he was not yet firmly committed to Gandhian principles. Although he had been exposed to those teachings in college, he had remained skeptical. "I thought the only way we could solve our problem of segregation was an armed revolt," he recalled. "I felt that the Christian ethic of love was confined to individual relationships."
Only after his home was bombed in late January did king reconsider his views on violence. (At the time, he was seeking a gun permit and was protected by armed bodyguards.) Competing with each other to influence King were two ardent pacifists: Bayard Rustin, a black activist with the War Resisters League, and the Rev. Glenn E. Smiley, a white staff member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation. Rustin was shocked to discover a gun in King's house, while Smiley informed fellow pacifists that King's home was "an arsenal."
1. What did King think of his nomination as leader of the Montgomery Boyott?
A) He hadn't expected it.
B) He had to think about it carefully.
C) He would refuse to accept it.
D) He was prepared to accept it.
2. Why was King unwilling to lead the movement at first?
A) Because he doubted if the boyott would be successful.
B) Because he was troubled with a traffic accident at that time.
C) Because he thought he was too young to be a leader.
D) Because he himself didn't start the boyott.
3. Which of the following is Not mentioned as something that happened at the beginning of the black people's movement?
A) King was put into prison.
B) Black people disagreed with each other.
C) King's armed revolt proposal was turned down.
D) Black people found it hard to accept the policy pursued in Montgomery.
4. Which of the following was the immediate cause that made King change his view on violence?
A) The education he received in college.
B) The attack of his home.
C) The influence of two active non-violence advocates.
D) The verdict of the Supreme Court.
5. In Paragraph 4, the last sentence "King's home was 'an arsenal'" means
A) King's home was a place where people got together.
B) King's home was a place where people tested bombs.
C) King's home was a place where weapons were stored.
D) King's home was a place where bombs exploded.
正确答案：
ADCBC
It was fifteen past nine as Marie hurried into the office building where she was going to work. Her bus had inched along through heavy morning traffic, making her a few minutes late for her very first job. She decided to start out half an hour earlier the next day.
Once inside the lobby,she had to stand at the elevators and wait several minutes before she could get on one going to the sixth floor. When she finally reached the office marked "Smith Enterprises", she knocked at the door nervously and waited. There was no reply. She tapped on the door again, but still there was no answer. From inside the next office,she could hear the sound of voices, so she opened the door and went in.
Although she was sure it was the same office she had been in two weeks before when she had the interview with Mr. Smith, it looked quite different now. In fact, it hardly looked like an office at all. The employees were just standing around chatting and smoking. In the front of the room,somebody must have just told a good joke, she thought,because there was a loud burst of laughter as she came in. For a moment she had thought they were laughing at her.
Then one of the men looked at his watch, clapped his hands and said something to the others. Quickly they all went to their desks and, in a matter of seconds, everyone was hard at work. No one paid any attention to Marie. Finally she went up to the man who was sitting at the desk nearest to the door and explained that this was her first day in the office. Hardly looking up from his work,he told her to have a seat and wait for Mr. Smith, who would arrive at any moment. Then Marie realized that the day's work in the office began just before Mr. Smith arrived. Later she found out that he lived in Connecticut and came into Manhattan on the same train every morning,arriving in the office at 9:35, so that his staff knew exactly when to start working.
1. Marie felt nervous when she knocked at the door because _____.
[A] it was her first day in a new job
[B] she was a little bit late for work
[C] she was afraid that she had gone to the wrong place
[D] there was no answer from inside the office
2. Marie could hardly recognize the office she went into as _____.
[A] she had been there only once
[B] Mr. Smith was not in the office
[C] nobody was doing any work
[D] the office had a new appearance
3. The people in the office suddenly started working because _____.
[A] they saw a stranger in the office
[B] their morning break was ended
[C] no one wanted to talk to Marie
[D] the boss was about to arrive
4. We can infer from the text that the employees of the enterprise _____.
[A] would start their work by listening to a joke
[B] were cold to newcomers
[C] were always punctual for work
[D] lacked devotion to the company
5. The best title for this text would be _____.
[A] Punctual Like A Clock
[B] A Cold Welcome
[C] An Unpunctual Manager
[D] Better Late Than Never
答案解析
1. 答案B 解析：第一天上班迟到，所以紧张。故选B.
2. 答案D 解析：由第三段中"In fact, it hardly looked like an office at all. The employees were just standing around chatting and smoking."可以看出，办公室内雇员的表现使得Marie感到走错了房间。故选D.
3. 答案D 解析：段中"Then Marie realized that the day's work in the office began just before Mr. Smith arrived."可知选D.
4. 答案D 解析：而易见该公司职员对公司缺乏奉献精神。故选D.
5. 答案A 解析：标题的。选择应言简言骇，同时也可表达出作者的某种感情色彩，如讽刺、批评、赞扬等。B项中A Cold Welcome太过于平淡，未能表达讽刺意味；An Uupunctual Manager则转移了本文叙述的对象，以偏盖全；Better Late Than Never与文章内容无关。故选A.
Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in Eng- land beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造 ) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufac- ture products in less time..
People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass produced, though mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.
Once this was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. In- stead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in cer- tain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today s standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production al- lowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn t the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmers away. The increased mechanization(机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer pos- sible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.
26. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?
A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.
B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.
C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time.
D. The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.
27. The underlined word "this" in the fLrSt paragraph refers to
A. the use of scientific findings
B. the practice of producing the same parts for a product
C. the human power being replaced by other forms of energy
D. the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change
28. The underlined word "this" in the second paragraph refers to the change that
A. each nail could be taken the place of by every other nail
B. each nail was exactly like every other nail
C. producing tasks became smaller and smaller
D. goods could be mass produced
29. According to the writer, highly skilled workers
A. completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system
B. were dismissed by the boss
C. were unable to produce goods of high standard
D. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines
30. According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?
A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.
B. They stuck to their farm work.
C. They refused to use machines.
They did their best to learn how to use the machines.
参考译文
技术已� 在十八世纪初的英国和十九世纪的整个西方世界，技术就具有这样的一种力量。在商品制造领域，科学发现物的使用使得商品制造领域取得了快速改进，这改变了人
们对工作的看法。最初的一种改变就是人力被其他形式的能量所代替。随之而来的是机器的加大使用，以便在更少的时间里生产产品。
人们也开发了可以用来生产一种产品相同零件的机器：每个钉子都造得跟其他任何钉子完全相同，也就是每个钉子都可以跟其他钉子互换。这就意味着商品可以大规模生产，虽然大规模生产要求把生产分成一个一个更小的部分。
一旦它实现，工人们再也不用着手处理产品以及花力气完成产品。取而代之的是，他们也许只工作过去工作量的千分之一，另外的工人按一定工序完成各自的部分就可以了。按照今天的标准，这种生产工作没什么令人奇怪的。技术高超的工人无法跟这种新的生产技艺相媲关。因为大规模生产使高规格的商品的大批量生 然而，技术好的个人并非唯一的受损失者，普通工人也如此。相似的改变让农民地位不保。不断增加的农业机械化把大批农民从耕地和农作物收获中解放出来。除了涌入快速发展的工业中心，他们别无选择。规则日益被机器制定。工人不再拥有自己的工具。他们的技术不再有价值，从而工作中的自豪感不再存在。工人供养、照顾和维修那些远比人类更有工作效率的机器，这大大减少了花费。
答案及解析
26.B【解析】细节题。原文中并未说l9世纪开始对工人剥削的增加。其余三项均在第一段中间出现。所以此题选择B。
27.c【解析】理解题。单词this指上文“0ther forms of energy have taken the place of human power.”(其他形式的能源已经代替了人类的劳动力)的内容。所以此题选择c。
28.D【解析】理解题。在条件句中，this指下文“goods could be mass produced”(货物大批生产)。所以此题选择D
29.D【解析】判断推理题。可从第三段第四句“Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques.”(技术高超的工人也无法和新的生产技术相比)可知答案。所以此题选择D。
A【解析】判断推理题。可根据第三段中的“Similar changes forcedfarmers away.”(类似的改变赶走了农民)及“They had littlechoice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial cen-ters.”(除了慢慢向工业中心转移，他们没有其他选择)。所以此题选择A。
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social condition that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United State have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to a movement — utopian socialism — which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to saint-simonianism European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believe that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.
1. It can be inferred that the author consider those historians who describe early feminists in the United States as “solitary” to be
[A] insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought.
[B] overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848.
[C] not focused narrowly enough in their geographical scope.
[D] insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference.
2. The author’s attitude toward European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of
[A] approval of the specific focus of their research.
[B] disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians’ energy after 1832.
[C] approval of their general focus on social conditions.
[D] disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts.
3. The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of the Saint-Simonians EXCEPT
[A] The group included many women among its members.
[B] The group believed in a world that would be characterized by sexual equality.
[C] The group was among the earliest European socialist groups.
[D] Most members believed that women and men were inherently similar in ability and character.
4. It can be inferred from the text that the Saint-Simonians envisioned a utopian society having which of the following characteristics?
[A] It would be worldwide.
[B] It would emphasize dogmatic religious principles.
[C] It would most influence the United States.
[D] It would have armies composed of women rather than of men.
5. According to the text, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?
[A] A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.
[B] A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status.
[C] A society in which women did not enter public life.
A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power.
1. 【答案】A
【考点解析】本题是一道标点符号题。通过本题题干中的“solitary”一词可将本题的答案信息中心确定在第一段第十行即第一段第四句话，通过仔细阅读和理解本句话以及本句前后的两句话，可以得出本题的正确选项A。其实美国的女权主义运动者并不“孤单”(solitary)，因为她们的思想和行动是和欧洲大陆的女权主义者有着千丝万缕的联系，是国际女权运动的一部分。考生在解题时要善于理解标点符号，更要善于对原文的细节进行推导。
2. 【答案】B
【考点解析】本题是一道细节推导题。根据本题题干中的“European historians”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段第四句，通过阅读本句分号前后的内容，可以推导出作者的态度是否定的，其否定原因是第二段第四句分号前半部分所表达的内容。本题的正确答案应该是B。考生在解题时一定要注意原文细节的推导，尤其是分句之间存在因果关系的时候。
3. 【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题。但是本题的题干确没有明确给出本题在原文中的准确信息来源。这时考生就会迷失答题思路。请同学们一定要记住：每当自己迷失答题思路时，一定要多想一想全文的中心主旨句和每段的主题句，这会帮助考生寻找到解题的思路。本题的正确答案应该是D，因为选项D所表达的内容和本文尾段第一、二句所表达的内容相反。选项A、B、C的内容分别在第三段第一句、第三段第二句以及第二段首句涉及。考生在解题时一定要牢记段落主题句。
4. 【答案】A
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。从本题题干中的“envisioned”(设想，预想)一词可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在倒数第二段第一句和第二� 通过仔细阅读倒数第二段的第一、二句话，发现这两句话都包含“globe”或“world”，可见本题的正确选项应该是A。考生在解题时一定要善于利用题干中的词语迅速而准确地进行审题定位。
5. 【答案】B
【考点解析】这是一道反推题。通过本题题干中的“most Saint-Simonians”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在尾段的第一句。根据尾段第一句进行反推即逆向思维，可得出本题的正确答案是B。考生在解题时一定要时时牢记反推题型，并且经常利用自己的逆向思维能力。
The most frightening words in the English language are, "Our computer is down. " You hear it more and more when you are on business. The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to Washington and the girl in the ticket office said, "I m sorry, I can t sell you a ticket. Our computer is down. "
"If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket. "
"I can t write you out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so. "
I looked down on the computer and every passenger .was just standing there drinking coffee and staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, "What do all you people do?"
"We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not. "
"So when it goes down, you go down with it. "
"That s good, sir. "
"How long will the computer be down?" I wanted to know.
"I have no idea. Sometimes it s down for 10 minutes, sometimes for two hours. There s no way we can find out without asking the computer, and since it s down it won t answer us. "
After the girl told me they had no backup computer, I said. "Let s forget the computer. What about your planes? They re still flying, arent they?"
"I couldnt tell without asking the computer. "
"Maybe I could just go to the gate and ask the pilot if he s flying to Washington," I suggested.
"I wouldnt know what gate to send you to. Even if the pilot was going to Washington, he couldnt take you if you didnt have a ticket. "
"Is there any other airline flying to Washington within the next few hours?"
"I wouldnt know," she said, pointing at the dark screen. "Only IT knows. It can t tell me. "
By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white; some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.
31. The best title for the article is
A. When the Computer Is Down
B. The Most Frightening Words
C. The Computer of the Airport
D. Asking the Computer
32. What could the girl in the ticket office do for the passengers without asking the computer?
A. She could sell a ticket.
B. She could write out a ticket.
C. She could answer the passengers questions.
D. She could do nothing.
33. why do you think they had not a backup computer?
A. Because it was easy down.
B. Because it was very expensive.
C. Because it was not advanced enough.
D. Because it was not as big as the main computer.
34. The last paragraph suggests that
A. a modern computer won t be down
B. computers can take the place of humans
C. sometimes a computer may bring suffering to people
D. there will be great changes in computers
35. What did passengers do when the computer was down?
A. They left home and went home.
B. They drank coffee and stared at the black screen.
C. They began to talk to each other.
D. None above.
参考译文
英语中最令人恐惧的句子是：“我们的电脑宕机了。”在出差的时候，这样的消息你听到的越来越多。前几天我在机场排队买去华盛顿的票。售票窗口的女孩说：“对不起，我们现在不能卖票。我们的电脑宕机了。”“要是电脑坏了，你就给我填一张票吧。”
“我无法给你填票。我们只能用电脑出票。”
我看着那台电脑。乘客们都站在那里，喝着咖啡，盯着那已黑了的屏幕。然后我问她：“你们这些人都是干什么的？”
“我们把你旅途的信息输入电脑，然后它就会显示是否有合适你的航班。”
“所以要是电脑宕机了，你们就什么都不能干了。”
“是的。先生。”
“电脑宕机要持续多久？”我问道。
“我不清楚。有时十分钟，有时两个小时。要是不Pl电脑我们什么信息都不知道。既然现在它宕机了，它就不会回应我们了。”
从女孩那里得知没有备用电脑后，我说：“我们先别管电脑这事。你们的飞机呢？它们还在飞，是吗？”
“没有电脑，我就无法回答你。”
“或许我可以去大门那问飞行员是否要飞往华盛顿。”我暗示道。
“我不知道让你去哪个门找他。即使飞行员飞往华盛顿，要是没有机票。他也不会让你登机。”
“接下来的几个小时还有其他去华盛顿的航班吗？”
“我无法回答你，”她说着，顺便指指那黑了的屏幕，“只有‘它知道。而它现在无法告诉我。”
现在已经没多少人排队了。电脑宕机的消息迅速传到了其他旅行者那里。一些人惊得脸都白了，有一些人开始大叫，还有一些人愤怒地踢他们的行李。
答案及解析
31.A【解析】主旨题。根据文章第一句中的“0ur computer is down”(我们的'电脑宕机了)及后面的文章关于机场电脑宕机后的一些对话内容可知，文章主要讲述的是机场电脑宕机后发生的一些事情，故本题选择A。
32.D【解析】细节题。根据文章中的对话“When it[computer]goes down.you go down with it.”(若电脑宕机了，你们也工作不了 了。)可知，机场售票员什么都不能做。故本题选择D。
33.B【解析】主观题。没有备用电脑，最有可能是因为设备比较贵。故本题选择B。
34.C【解析】推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述：电脑死机，旅客们感到恐惧、忧郁、不安，故本题选择C。
35.B 【解析】细节题。文中第四段第一句“every passenger was just standing there drinking coffee and staring at the black screen.”(乘客们站在那儿，喝着咖啡，眼睛盯着那个黑掉了的屏幕)。故本题选择B。
Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at treesand bushes. After an hour s flight, one of the scientists wrote in his book, "Look here for probable metal. " Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain area, sent a message to other scientists on the ground, "Gold possible. " Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported,"This ground should be searched for metal. " From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientistsent back by radio one word: "Uranium. "
None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic power of looking down below theearth s surface. They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of locating minerals inthe ground... trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on whichthe trees and plants are growing.
This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in theearth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow in the surface.
At Watson Bar Greek, a brook(小溪) six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with smallbranches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was carefullymarked. In a scientific laboratory, the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested.Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it.
Study of the roots, branches, and seeds showed no silver. But there were small amounts ofgold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds. The seeds growing nearest to thetree trunks had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches.
26. Scientists were flying over a desert or a hilly wasteland or .a mountain area in order tosearch forin the ground.
A. gold
B. silver
C. uraniumD. minerals
27. The study of trees, branches and roots shows that
A. there were larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the seeds
B. there were smaller amounts of gold in the roots than in the branches
C. there were less amounts of gold in the seeds growing on the ends of branches than seeds growing nearest to the tree trunks
D. there was more gold in the branches than in the roots
28. Which is the best title suggested below?
A. Scientists Searching for Metals with Special Power
B. New Methods of Searching for Minerals
C. Gold Could Be Found by Trees and Plants
D. A New Method of Searching for Minerals--Using Trees and Plants
29. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of a tree that can help find minerals?
A. Leaves.
B. Roots.
C. Branches.
D. Seeds.
30. The scientists were searching for minerals by using
A. X-ray
B. magic power
C. a special instrument
D. trained eyes
参考译文
坐着飞机飞过一片沙漠之地，两位科学家用训练有素的眼睛察看下面的树木和灌木丛。经过大致一小时的飞行观察后，其中一位科学家在他的本子上写下这样一句话“看这里可能有金属矿藏。”另一架飞机上的科学家们正飞过一座山区。他们给地面观察站的科学家们发了“可能有金矿”的信息。步行越过山地，四名科学家得出报告：“应该在此地寻找金属矿藏”。从飞过多山丘的荒原的飞机上，一位科学家用无线电发回一个字：“铀”。
没有一个科学家具有x射线那样的眼睛：他们并没有看透地球表面的魔力。他们仅仅使用了一个最新的技术来定位地下的矿藏…树木和植被长在地上，通过他们能显示出某种埋藏在地下的矿物。
这项最新的寻找矿藏的技术是依据这样一个事实，即处在地下的矿物会影响到地面上灌木和树木的生长。
沃森巴溪是加拿大英属哥伦比亚一座6，000英尺的山上的一条小溪。一队矿藏搜索小组收集了许多包树木的种子；盒子里盛满了小树枝。树根也被挖掉放进盒子里。每个包和盒子都被仔细标记了。在科学实验室内，树枝被烧成灰然后做检测。检查每个细小的部分是否含有矿藏。
对树根、树枝和种子的检测并没发现银元素，但却在树根部发现了部分金元素，同时在树枝和种子中也发现了较少的金元素。长在最接近树干上的种子要比长在树枝根部的种子含金元素多一些。
答案及解析
26.D【解析】语义理解题。根据文章第一段的内容提到各种金属，而这些金属元素是包含在矿(mineral)里的。故本题选择D。
27.c【解析】细节题。从文中最后一句“The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunks had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches.”(长在最接近树干上的种子比长在树枝根部的种子要含有更多的金元素)可知答案。故本题选择c。
28.D【解析】主旨题。通读全文可知文章的大部分(第二至五段)都在讲述通过植物来寻找矿藏。故本题选择D。
29.A【解析】细节题。从最后一段可知，通过研究roots，branches和 seeds可判定地下是否有矿产，而leaves在文章中却没有提到。故本题选择A。
30.D【解析】细节题。从文章第一段的第一句“two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes”(两位科学家用受过训练的眼睛观察树木和灌木)可知答案。故本题选择D。
The cohesiveness(内聚力 ) of a family seems to rely on members sharing certain routine prac- tices and events. For a growing share of the American labor force, however, working shifts beyond the normal daylight hours--what we here call "shift work"--makes the lives of families difficult.
Existing re.search shows that both male and female shift workers express high levels of stress and a sense of conflict between the demands of work and family life. But shift work couples still maintain a traditional attitude to the meaning of marriage and the individual roles of husband and wife. They expressed a willingness to do "whatever it takes" to approximate their view of a proper marriage,in- cluding sacrificing sleep and doing conventional things at unconventional hours. For the majority of couples interviewed, even when wives worked outside their homes, a proper marriage is character- ized by a very clear division of roles: husbands are "providers" whose major responsibility is to sup- port the family ;wives arc "homemakers" who clean, cook, and care for husbands and children.
The womens definitions of a "good husband" are typified by the following wifes response:
I expect him to be a good provider, and be there when I need him, loyal about the same things as he would expect out of me,expect that I expect him to dominate over me. But in a manner of speak- ing, wben it s time to be a man I expect him to stand up instead of sitting back expecting me to do husbands,a good wife is someone who is:
Understanding of what I feel go through at work. I need that respect at work,I hope I get it al work. I want my wife to realize what I expect at work. I don t want her to give me a lot of shil when I come home from work because I don t know if this makes much sense.
These views seemed critical to maintain the families of the shift workers.
31. Despite , shift work couples still hoped to maintain a stable life.
[ A ] traditional beliefs about marriage
[ B ] Jack of control over time
[ C ] a very clear division of roles
[ D ] the demands of work
32. From the selection, we can conclude that female shift workers were NOT satisfied with
[A] their work
[ B ] their children
[ C ] their husbands inability to protect the family and provide companionship
[D] leisure activities
33. What is implied by the author?
[ A 1 Shift work had a direct effect on the attitudes and behavior of family members.
[ B ] Shift workers could live a normal life.
[ C] Shift work couples had unconventional ideas about marriage.
[ D ] Female shift workers were satisfied with the time spent together with their families.
34. In order to continue the marriages of the shift workers,
[ A] wives must learn to care for the children when their husbands are absent
[ B ] shift work couples must administer their time and activities
[ C ] wives mustn t adapt their own feelings of boredom to their husbands
[ D ] all of thesework
35. The best title for this paragraph is
[ A ] Constructing Family Life
[ B ] Managing Time and Activities
[ C ] The Meaning of Marriage
[ D ] Living a Normal Life
一个家庭的内聚力似乎要依靠家庭成员们一起做一些常规的事情来维系。然而由于美国劳动力人数的增多，在非正常工作时间的轮班工作，也就是我们通常所说的“换班工作”，使家庭生活面临困境。
现有的调查表明男性和女性的倒班工人都承认压力很大，工作和家庭生活的需求相互冲突。但是，从事换班工作的夫妇们仍然保持着对婚姻的意义和夫妻各自责任的传统观念。他们表示仍然愿意“不惜一切代价”实现他 大多数接受采访的夫妇，甚至是那些妻子在外工作的家庭都认为，正常家庭生活的显著特点还是清楚的分工：丈夫是家庭的“支撑者”，他们主要的责任是养活全家，而妻子仍然是“主妇”。她们负责打扫、做饭、照顾丈夫和孩子。
以下是一个妻子对“好丈夫”的定义，这代表了所有女人的看法：
我希望他能养家。在我需要的时候陪在我身边，和我热衷于相同的事物。希望他也愿意支配我，就像我期望的那样。这么说吧，在需要他表现得像个男人的时候，我希望他挺身而出，而不是坐视不管，却想让我去处理一切。
丈夫们眼中的好妻子是这样的：
她要理解我在工作中的感受。我需要在工作时受尊重，我希望能在工作中找到受尊重的感觉。我要我的妻子明白我对工作的期望。我可不想每天下班回家的时候，她唠叨个没完洇为我也不知道这是否有意义。 以上的观点对于维护那些轮班工作的夫妻家庭是至关重要的。
答案及解析
31.B【解析】“shiftwork”意为“working shifts beyond the normal daylighthours”。而A、C选项中“traditional beliefs about marmge”，“a veryclear division of roles”均为“a stable life”的一部分，不符合题意。
32.c【解析】由文中“the womenS definitions of a good husband”可以看出C为正确答案。
33.A【解析】由文章主旨句“shiftwork makes the lives of families difficult”可知选A。
34.D【解析】联系全文，知A、B、c三项均正确。
35.C【解析】先排除D项，因全文围绕shiftwork展开，B项则太具体，A项则涵义过广，全文切入点为marriage。
Part A
Directions:
Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1
Isabel has turned down two job offers in the past year. In 2021, she started her own consulting practice, but by 2021, most of her larger clients had to drop her because of the economy. In 2021, she was undertaking irregular assignments and knew she needed a steady job. The first job she considered was Director of HR for a company in Utah. After the initial interviews, she felt the job fit her except for the location. Still, she flew west to meet the hiring manager. The hiring manager explained that Isabel was the top candidate for the job but that, before she continued with the process, she should better understand the firms culture. She directed Isabel to several videos of the companys CEO, who regularly appeared in front of the company in costume as part of morale building exercises and expected his senior leaders to do the same. Even though I was desperate for a job, I knew I couldnt do that, Isabel says. She called the recruiter to turn down the job and explained that she didnt feel there was a cultural fit.
A few months later, she interviewed for another job: a director of employee relations at a local university. After several interviews, the hiring manager told her the job was hers if she wanted it. The job had many positives : it was a low-stress environment, it offered great benefits, and the university was an employee-friendly place. But the job was relatively junior despite the title and Isabel worried it wouldnt be challenging enough. Finally, she turned it down. It would be great to have a paycheck and great benefits but I would definitely have trouble sleeping at night, she says.
In both cases, she was frank with the hiring managers about why she wasnt taking the jobs.In the past, it felt like dating, I was worried about hurting peoples feelings, she says. However, they appreciated her frankness and thanked her for her honesty. She says it was hard to turn down the jobs and it was a risk for her financially but she felt she had to.
26. In 2021, Isabel_______
A. did consulting now and then
B. found a job close to her home
C. refused several job interviews
D. ran a successful consulting firm
27. Isabel turned down the first job offer mainly because of its_______
A. CEO
B. culture
C. location
D. recruiter
28. Isabel was dissatisfied with the second job due to its_______
A. junior rifle
B. low benefits
C. Environment
D. lack of challenge
29. Isabel believed that her rejection of the jobs was______
A. harmful
B. surprising
C. justifiable
D. troublesome
30. According to Isabel, it is important to______
A. look for jobs with little stress
B. look for jobs with great benefits
C. be truthful in declining job offers
D. be cautious in declining job offers
Text 2
You do not usually get something for nothing. Now, a new study reveals that the evolution of an improved learning ability could come at a particularly high price: an earlier death.
Past experiments have demonstrated that it is relatively easy .through selective breeding to make rats, honey bees and-that great favourite of researchers-fruit flies a lot better at learning. Animals that are better learners should be competitive and, thus, over time, come to dominate a population by natural selection. But improved learning ability does not get selected amongst these animals in the wild. No one really understands why.
Tadeusz Kawecki and his colleagues at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland have measured the effects of improved learning on the lives of fruit flies. The flies were given two different fruits as egg-laying sites. One of these was laced with a bitter additive that could be detected only on contact. The flies were then given the same fruit but without an additive. Flies that avoided the fruit which had been bitter were deemed to have learned from their experience. Their children were reared and the experiment was run again.
After repeating the experiment for 30 generations, the children of the learned flies were com- pared with normal flies. The researchers report in a forthcoming edition of Evolution that although learning ability could be bred into a population of fruit flies, it shortened their lives by 15%. When the researchers compared their learned flies to colonies selectively bred to live long lives, they found even greater differences. Whereas learned flies had reduced their life spans, the long-lived flies learned less well than even average flies.
The authors suggest that evolving an improved learning ability may require a greater investment in the nervous system which takes resources away from processes that delay ageing. However, Dr. Kawecki thinks the effect could also be a by-product of greater brain activity increasing the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which can increase oxidation in the body and damage health.
No one knows whether the phenomenon holds true for other animals. So, biologists, at least, still have a lot to learn.
31. Past experiments prove selective breeding can make animals better_______
A. Commanders
B. Competitors
C. survivors
D. learners
32. In this experiment, scientists observed that________
A. some flies avoided the fruit without an addictive
B. some flies preferred the fruit with an addictive
C. the eggs of the flies were not damaged
D. the impact on the flies did not last long
33. The forthcoming report says that_______
A. long-lived flies are better at laying eggs
B. long-lived flies are poorer in learning
C. learned flies have a relatively long life
D. learned flies live as long as average ones
34. According to Dr.Kawecki, greater brain activity______
A. reduces oxygen consumption
B. regulates the nervous system
C. speeds up the ageing process
D. stabilizes the ageing process
35. We learn from the text that_______
A. the research findings need to be tested further
B. biologists are doing similar research on other animals
C. the animal world usually follows the same universal laws
D. biologists are applying their findings to other areas
阅读PartB
Directions:
Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talk about tipping in a restaurant. For questions 36-40, match the name of each person to one of the statements (A- G) given below.
Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Richard:
Ive always viewed tipping as a way of saying thank you to the one who serves me. I believe what is bad is when no tip is left at all. The better the service, the higher the tip. Unless the service is literally perfect, I never tip more than 10% of the bill. Much like the harder teachers in school, I never give an easy "A.My assessment is honest.
Daniel:
A tip is a thank you, but in truth, a tip is payment for service. 20% is a standard tip. Servers deserve it for their hard work. Restaurants will never pay more for labor unless they are forced to do so by new laws. Tips make up about 97% of a servers total income. Those tips are needed for survival. So, before servers are paid a living wage, tip 20%.
Kate:
Why should I pay the difference between what the restaurant is willing to pay the employee and what an acceptable wage is? I do pay 20%, but I hate it. A friend of mine left Europe for New York City, found a job in a restaurant there and ended up making $5,500 a month. Enough above mini- mum wage? How about miners, construction workers, resident doctors, etc? Do they get tipped?
Patricia:
18 -20% for good service is todays standard. The restaurant and its employees arc too polite to tell you this or to put it on their menus, but that is their expectation and you need to understand that. I believe it is good manners to respect this. To do otherwise is to be openly rude. If you disagree, you arc wise to cat elsewhere, as you are hurting a hardworking professional.
Michael:
Tipping has gotten out of control. I always had thought it was 15%, and now suddenly servers have made it 20%. I tip 15%, and thats it. If the service is really superior, then I work higher from there. Interesting to be told ,"If you cant afford to tip 20%, then you should cat at home. If all those people stayed away, the restaurant would not even be in business.
Now match the name of each person (36 - 40) to the appropriate statement.
Note: there are two extra statements.
Statements
36.Richard
37. Daniel38. Kate
39. Patricia
40. Michael
A. Its rude not to tip.
B. I do tip, though I dont like it.
C. Tipping shouldnt be compulsory.
D. Tips are essential to servers survival.
E. If you dont tip, you are punishing the server.
F. I think the current tipping standard is too high.
G. My tip faithfully reflects how good the service is.
阅读PartC:
Directions:
Read the following text from which five sentences have been removed. Choose from the sentences A-G the most suitable one to fill each numbered gap in the text (41-45). There are TWO extra sentences that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
In 2021, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. Its difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat.41Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria and TB combined.
The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the worlds hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world s most populous continent.42 Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean, In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don t have enough to eat.
There are many reasons for world hunger. They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over- use of fanning land.43Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2021.
Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. 44 In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food.45The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.
A. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution.
B. More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa.
C. All these factors affect food production.
D. It takes the effort of every country to fight against world hunger.
E. In those places, obesity is a far bigger problem than hunger.
F. Those places need far more food than they actually get.
G. By the end of this year, more than 35 million people will have died as a result of not having enough to eat.
阅读 Part D：
Directions:
Read the following text from which 10 words have been removed. Choose from the words A - 0 the most suitable one to fill each numbered gap in the text (46-55). There are FIVE extra words that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
I cant believe the kind of rubbish that some people call art. Yesterday, my girlfriend dragged me to a modern art 46to see an exhibition she had read about in the paper. It was five or six so-called installations made of bits of plastic, wood and paper that 47 just to have been thrown on the floor. It was a mess, basically--just like the floor in my sister s house when my two-year- old nephew s left all his toys out, but less 48Come to think of it,49you had given those bits of plastic, wood and paper to my nephew, he could probably have50something just as good. I guess, sometimes, the cleaners end up throwing art like that in the bins at the end of the day,51 they must find it hard to work out what s an exhibit and what s just 52
I think that if a painting or an installation looks like something I could have done myself in fifteen minutes, it doesnt53to be called art. But when I say that, people like my girlfriend say I m "uncultured. I think a lot of the people who say they 54 the kind of stuff we saw yester- day are just pretending--deep down they know it s rubbish but they don t want to be the first one to admit it because, unlike me, they re 55of being looked down on.
A.Afraid
B. appreciate
C. Because
D. Colorful
E. created
F. Deserve
G. dislike
H. gallery
I. if
J. litter
K. object
L. proved
M. seemed
N. serious
0. when
真题答案：
26.A 27.B 28.D 29.A 30.C
31.D 32.A 33.B 34.C 35.A
36.G 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.F
41.G 42.B 43.C 44.A 45.E
46.H 47.M 48.D 49.I 50.E
51.C 52.J 53.F 54.B 55.A
I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching （紧握） at one another's hands for reassurance.
They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled （聚在一起） round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon （蚕茧） into a larger_cocoon.
It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today's parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.
But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come—with the people who respect you for who you are. That is the only kind of popularity that really counts.
1.In this passage, the author wants to tell ________.
A.teenagers to try to pursue their real selves
B.readers to try to be popular with people around
C.parents to try to control and guide their children
D.people to try to understand and respect each other
2.The author disapproves of rebelling teenagers ________.
A.growing away from their parents
B.following the popularity trend
C.walking a new way on their own
D.turning to their friends for help
3.The phrase “larger cocoon” at the end of the second paragraph refers to ________.
A.the distractive and variable society
B.the dazzling music world
C.the parental care and love
D.the popularity wave in the society
4.What does the author think of advertisements?
A.Convincing.
B.Instructive.
C.Influential.
D.Authoritative.
5.According to the author, what might happen when a teenager stands up against the popularity wave and follows his/her own path?
A.He/She falls behind the time.
B.He/She loses good friends.
C.He/She faces all kinds of criticism.
D.He/She gains valuable popularity.
Directions: Read thefollowing textfrom whwh lo words have been removed,Choosefrom the words A—-0 the most suitable one tofill each numbered gap in the text(46-55).There are FlvE extra words that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1.
Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall--salt.
A study by researchers at the University of California，San Francisco(UCSF)，Stanford University and Columbia University shows that even a 46 decrease in daily salt intake can lead to dramatic health benifit.The authors 47 an annual drop of as many as l20，000 cases of heart disease,66,000 48 of stroke and 99，000 heart attacks 49 by high blood pressure after a 3-9—per—day reduction in salt.
The advantages，not surprisingly，were greater for African Americans，who ale more likely to high blood pressure than other ethnic groups，and for the elderly，since blood vessels stiffen with age，which Call lead to higher blood pressure
"Everyone in the U.S.is consuming salt far in 51 of what is good for them," says lead author Dr.Kirsten Bibbins Domingo of UCSF.“What we are suggesting is that a population
wide effort to reduce salt intake, even 52, will have health benefits.’’
The team conducted a computer—based analysis to determine the 53
of a 3-g--per day reduction in salt intake on rates of heart disease and death.They also calculated the cost savings emerging from the amount of disease that would be 54 because of lower blood pressure. The conclusion：by cutting salt intake nationwide，the U.S.could save$10 billion to$24 billion 55 in health care costs.
[A]accidents
[C]avoided
[E]considerable
[G]documented
[I]excess
[K]instances[M]revised
[O]undertakeannually caused develop dramatically
参考译文
就在你了解如何控制饮食中的脂肪的时候，研究人员已经开始就饮食中另一个常见的健康威胁——盐，提出警告。
一项由加州大学旧金山分校、斯坦福大学和哥伦比亚大学的研究人员进行的研究显示，即便适量减少日常食盐的摄入量对健康都可带来极大的益处。研究的作者用文件展示了这一结果：每天减少3克食盐的摄入量，每年由高血压引起的心脏病患者可减少l20，000例，中风减少66.000例，心肌梗塞减少99，000例。
这样的结果对于非洲裔的美国人无疑更有利，因为他们比其他种族 更易患上高血压，这对老年人也是个福音，因为血管随着年龄增长老化 僵硬，也会引起血压升高。
“美国人食盐的摄入量远远超过健康需要的标准。”这项研究的第一 作者，加州大学旧金山分校的柯尔斯顿·罗宾斯·多明戈说。“我们所 倡议的，是一场全民范围的控盐运动，即便是微量的，也会让健康受益。”研究团队进行了一项电脑分析，来检测每天减少3克食盐摄入量对 心脏病患病率和死亡率的影响。他们还计算了这样做能够节省多少资 金，因为它使得人们能够避免由于血压升高而患上其他疾病。得到的结 论是：通过全国范围的控盐运动，美国每年节省的医疗费用为100亿到 240亿美元。
答案及译文
46.L【解析】该处需填人形容词，修饰后面的名词decrease。意思为：即便将日常食盐的摄入量进行适量的减少都可带来极大的健康 益处，形容词considerable显然不符合句意，因此填入形容词 modest。
47.G【解析】此处需要填人动词作句子的谓语，且用动词的一般过去式。根据句意，该处应该填入动词document的过去式，表示作者通过数据记录减少食盐摄入量后，心脏病、中风和心肌梗塞相应减少的病例。
48.K【解析】此处需要填入名词，和前面的心脏病例(cases of heart disease)，本句的中风实例(instances of stroke)以及后面的心肌梗塞 (heart attacks)担当同样的句子成分，因此，应该填入名词instanceso。
49.D【解析】此处需要填入过去分词作后置定语，因为心肌梗塞(heart attacks)是由于高血压引起的，分词和它做修饰的名词短语是被 动关系，所以填人过去分词表被动，根据句意进一步推断，该处填人caused。
50.F 【解析】此处需要填入动词原形，和be likely to do构成固定搭配，意思是：很有可能做某事。填入动词原形develop(发展，形成)，非洲裔的美国人比其他种族更易患上高血压，正好符合原文意思。
51.I 【解析】此处需要填入名词，构成词组in excess of，意思是：超过；较…更多。故选I项excess，这句话的意思是：美国人食盐的摄入量远远超过健康需要的标准。
52.N【解析】此处需要填入副词修饰整个句子。在副词分类中选中slightly(轻微地)最符合题意，强调即使是微量的减少食盐摄入量，也会让健康受益。
53.J 【解析】此处需要填入名词。根据该句句意：研究团队进行了一项电脑分析，来检测每天减少3克食盐摄入量对心脏病患病率和死亡率的影响，因此填入名词impact，符合句意。
54.C【解析】此处需要填入过去分词，由that引导的定语从句中缺少构成谓语的过去分词，组成过去将来时的被动语态would be + v-ed，填入过去分词avoided，意思是：通过血压的'降低，某些疾病将是可以避免的。
55.B【解析】此处填人副词，annually(每年)作为统计数据的时间单位，意思是：通过全国范围的控盐运动，美国每年节省的医疗费用为100亿到240亿美元。据此，可以判断选择B。