今年上半年的英语四级已经考完，考生正在着急对答案，看自己考得怎么样。
another, at the same time, but, by contrast, compared to, compared with, despite, differ from, different from, equally (important), even so, have. . . in common, however, likewise, in comparison (with) , in contrast (to), instead, in the same way, not only. . . but also, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, similarly, similar to, still, the same as,
unlike, whereas, while, yet
英语四级作文审题技巧
一、一个宗旨
一个经典的四六级作文主题，应该能够给考生“带来一定教育意义”，能启发考生去“弘扬、践行某种积极的价值观、品质”，抑或是启发考生去“规避、解决某种负面的现象，用正确和积极的方式进行取代”，
一般建议在作文的最后一段点出作文的宗旨，也即我们所说的“点题”。文章最后一段重申和强调作文主题，使阅卷老师非常轻松地找到文章的主旨，判断考生是否“切题”。
二、2个范围
任何一个作文题目，势必需要“事关人”或者“事关物”，才能够成为一个“可以让人探讨的话题” 。
(1)关于“人”的文章，一般涉及“个人成长成功、心态、哲理话题、价值观、品质、习惯”等“较为抽象”的话题。这种话题重在强调人的“内在品质”，强调“积极意义、教育价值”，命题旨在教育考生“做一个什么样的人”。
(2)关于“物”的文章，一般涉及“社会事务、社会现象”等较为“具体、实在”的话题，旨在考察考生的“观察问题、分析问题、解决问题”的实质能力。
三、3种属性
作文的主题，可以分为“中性话题、负面话题和正面话题”三类。通常而言，
(1)“负面、消极话题”需要在作文的二、三段阐述这个负面话题产生的原因、危害弊端和解决的措施策略；
(2)“中性一般话题”需要阐述这个话题或现象产生的原因，并且适当发表个人见解看法；
(3)“正面、积极话题“，则尽量论述这个话题的意义、重要性和价值以及这个话题对考生带来的启发。
如今的商品过度包装的现象在我们的社会中很盛行：衣服裹在纸，放在纸板箱，最后裹在精心设计的塑料袋，葡萄酒的木箱包装进口瓶，水果放在手工编织的篮子，等等。
有几个原因，过度包装。第一个原因是，大量公司相信他们能够吸引顾客的注意力，刺激他们的购买欲望的包装产品，从而获得更多的利润。另一方面，很多消费者误认为，包装越精致，质量就越好，从而鼓励过度包装。
在我看来，过度包装带来灾难性的后果，包括宝贵的资源损失，水和能源的过度消费，和垃圾填埋场土地稀缺的不必要的提取。
为了解决这个问题，采取以下措施很有必要。首先，法律规章制度来约束企业的过度包装。此外，我们需要让消费者认识到过度包装不等同于高质量，并提倡包装建议
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
1、目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象
2、出现这一现象的原因
3、我对这一现象的看法和建议
参考范文：
As is vividly depicted in the picture, there is a boy playing a phone happily at home, not wanting to go to school, with his father begging him to give up playing games and go to school worriedly. Furthermore, there is a caption under the picture, which reads “Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?” The drawer’s intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking.
Admittedly, phone plays an essential part in this information era. We should not, however, neglect the significance of learning independently. To begin with, learning independently is the tradition of our culture. Not only should we inherit from our ancestors, but also we should hand down to our descendants. It is the spirit of learning independently that makes us better and stronger. What is more, learning independently, one of the greatest fashionable themes of our era throughout the history of mankind all around the world that I have ever known in my whole life, which is the greatest that there ever was and the greatest that there ever will be, is momentous and fundamental to people what the soul is vital and significant to us. If it had not been for learning independently, we could not have been success.
Judging from the reams of evidence, it is safe for us to conclude that learning independently is a critical quality for success. Only if we acquire this quality and work hard toward our goals, can we achieve success.
Nowadays, the phenomenon of excessive packaging has becoming increasingly serious. Lots of packages have already deviated from their original function. Excessive packaging is a serious waste phenomenon, which deserves our special attention and penetrating research. There are many reasons accounting for excessive packaging. Firstly, the promotion effects of excessive packaging have been greatly exaggerated by interest-driven merchants. Furthermore, it is irrational consumption that led to the phenomenon of excessive packaging. The last but not the least, as everyone sees it that distempered of the related laws and regulations and inadequate enforcement of the law together contributed to this phenomenon.
As far as I am concerned, excessive packaging not only creates waste of resources, but also causes unnecessary environment pollution, so we should try our best to eliminate this phenomenon completely. To avoid excessive packaging, we should increase our awareness of this phenomenon and change our ideas towards it. We should also establish the atmosphere of simple packaging, advocate appropriate packaging and build a conservation-minded society.
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic
Getting to Know the World outside the Campus. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1) 大学生了解社会的必要性，
2) 了解社会的途径(大众媒介、社会服务等)
3)你打算怎么做。
Getting to Know the World outside the Campus
It is of great significance for a college student to know the world outside the campus. In this fast-developing “Information Age”, college students must keep pace with the progress of the world.
Additionally, by contacting the offcampus world, college students can have chance to get more practical skills. Therefore, how to know the world outside the campus is worth our attention.
Many ways can be adopted by our college students to increase our knowledge of the world. Firstly,mass media, such as radios, televisions, newspapers and the Internet, are a good choice, by which we can be well informed about what is happening. Secondly, providing volunteer services is an efficient way to contact and know the society. Thirdly, we can take parttime jobs to increase our practical experience.
As for me, I will try to create and grasp more chances to contact the society. In my opinion, getting to know the offcampus world is as important as improving academic performance. On balance, I suggest every college student should not confine himself to the campus but often go outside.
6月大学英语四级写作技巧
1.列举法
列举的模式通常是
主题句
----example 1
----example 2
----example 3
列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like,thus, take„as an example, to illustrate 等词语。
Nonverbal communication, or ”body language，" is communication by facial expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures. It can be just as important to understanding as words are. Misunderstandings are often amusing but sometimes serious ones can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals. Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture are very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger. To an American, it means that everything is Ok. To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money. In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal。
2.分类法
一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。
There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library。
First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many other languages. These books are organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file canned the card catalog. Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks。
Second, there are reference works, which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself。
Third, there are periodicals- magazines, newspapers, pamphlets-which are filed
alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space. Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library. 分类时常用：most of all， next，moreover， in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third„
3. 因果关系
在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。
Growing numbers of well-to-do Americans are making the decision to move abroad. They find it impossible in America to walk the streets at night without fear of being raped, mugged, or murdered, nor do they see a way to escape the poisonous air of the cities. They maintain that even American food has become increasingly dangerous to eat. Last but not least, they insist that they are sick of the pace of American life, a pace that leaves no time for relaxation or pleasure。
因果关系常用语汇：
because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in
4.比较法
主题句必须明确表明所要比较的'对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。
Learning English is like building a house. Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should read and speak English every day. Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful. Like building a house, learning English takes some time。
So don’t be impatient. Remember, Rome wasn’t built in a day。
常用语汇：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and„ too, in the same way, in a like manner
5.举例法
列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想， 是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。
Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient,
especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously
ill at night, and you don’t know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon。
a case in point, as an illustration, for example, for instance, for one thing…… for another, likewise, namely, on one hand. . . on the other hand,similarly, such as, such. . . as, take. . . for example, that is, to give another example, to illustrate
近年来，随着经济的不断发展，各类商品涌入我们的生活。商品的包装越来越吸引了我们的眼睛。然而，过度包装问题已引起人们的广泛关注。
有几个原因这一现象的存在。一方面，企业已通过大多数消费者面子思想认为，他们认为，商品的包装更漂亮，最喜欢的人。另一方面，过度的包装能使广大客商通过提高价格获得高利润的廉价商品。或许其主要原因在于形式远远大于内容。
在我看来，它更应把重点放在商品的质量，而不是它的外观装饰。所以，很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止情况。只有这样我们才能减少不必要的浪费和有理性的和纯粹的购物环境，使我们的货币成本价值。
In recent years, with the economy growing, all kinds of goods are flowing into our life. The packaging of goods becomes more and more attracting our eyes. However, the problem of excessive packaging has aroused people’s wide concern.
This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. For one thing, the business has seen through the mind of most consumers who are face-saving, for they thought that the more beautiful the packaging of goods is, the best people like. For another, excessive packaging can make the majority of merchants get high profit for the cheap commodity by improving price. Perhaps the primary reason lies that the form far outweighs the content.
In my opinion, it is more advisable to focus on the quality of goods
than to decorate its appearance. So, it is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. Only in this way can we reduce unnecessary waste and have a rational and pure shopping condition, making our money cost worthwhile.
如今，过度包装的现象也越来越严重。许多软件包已经偏离了原有的功能。过度包装是一种严重的浪费现象，值得我们特别关注和深入的研究。
有许多原因，过度包装。首先，过度包装的促进作用已被大大夸大了由利益驱动的商人。此外，这是不合理的消费，导致过度包装的现象。最后但并非最不重要的，因为每个人都认为是不健全的相关法律、法规和执法不足，共同促成了这一现象。
就我而言，过度包装不仅造成资源的浪费，也造成不必要的环境污染，所以我们应该尽我们最大的努力来消除这种现象完全。为了避免过度包装，我们应该提高我们的认识这一现象和改变我们的想法对。我们还应该建立简单包装的气氛，提倡适当的包装，建立一个节约型社会。
参考范文：
As is illustrated in the picture, a pupil is asking his father why he is going to school if his phone already knows everything. It can be known that the pupil lacks a thorough understanding of going to school.
Compared with the phone, there are certain things that can be only achieved by going to school. In the first place, going to school endows us with the experiences of getting along with others. Only by contacting people can our interpersonal skills be developed. The phone only provides information in an environment where there is just the phone and you. Secondly, you can consult your teacher face to face about any detail of your question, which cannot be done on your phone. Last but not least, school is a place where you can learn to be independent. If you stay with your parents all the time, you will never truly grow up.
To conclude, it’s a necessity for kids to go to school. It is a truth which should be well acknowledged that school can never be replaced by the phone.
【题干】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a book you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【文都版】
I would like to sell some of the course books I used in college, because I’m going to graduate from college soon. The details of these books are as follows.
First of all, those books are a set of professional books used by English majors in our school. They are about American literature, including the history of American literature, introduction of American great writers and some excepts from great works like the Old man and the Sea by Hemingway. It was also attached with a CD with some native speakers reading those excepts. What’s more, many graduate schools list this set of books as the reference books, so if you want to apply for a master’s degree, you can use it not only in the class but also for the postgraduate entrance examination. My books are 80% new and are to be sold at half the price of a new set. Don’t miss it!
If you have any question or want more information, don’t hesitate to contact me. You can call 8654321 or send email to liming@
Li Ming
【考试网版】
I’m Li Hua, a senior student who is about to graduate and leave the campus, so I have three used course books about English learning to sell at a fairly low price!
These books could be beneficial to anyone who decides to buy them. First, the books provide many practical skills on the following three aspects of English learning: how to improve listening, speaking and writing. Second, the books are still well-maintained with seemingly brand new covers. Third, each book contains a delicate bookmark with the writer’s signature as a souvenir!
If you are interested in my book, please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions. I can be reached at phone 87654321. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Nowadays the phenomena of excessive packaging of goods are prevailing in our society: clothes swathed in tissue paper, placed in cardboard box and finally wrapped in well-designed plastic bags, imported bottles of grape wine packed in wooden boxes, fruits put in hand-woven baskets, to name but a few.
There are several causes of excessive packaging. The first reason is that a large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’ attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus gaining more profits. On the other hand, quite a number of consumers mistakenly hold that the more delicate the package is, the better the quality will be, thus encouraging excessive packaging.
In my point of view, excessive packaging has disastrous consequences, including the loss of precious resources, excessive consumption of water and energy, and unnecessary extraction of scarce land for landfill.
To solve the problem, it’s necessary to take the following measures. First, laws and regulations must be made to restrict excessive packaging of companies. In addition, we need to raise consumer’s awareness that excessive packaging doesn’t equal to high quality and advocate packaging recycling.
每逢春节，单身狗回家总是免不了一些唠叨，其中最狠的就是：有对象了吗？从几何起，被禁止早恋的我们却在毕业之后甚至未毕业被家长以“单身可耻”的罪名被逼相亲，而且相亲很多时候都未能如意。但若遇上看对眼的，也是一种幸运。
作文题目：Blind Date
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Blind Date”。 You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.相亲在中国已演化成一种潮流；2.人们对此的态度；3.我的看法。
参考范文：
Enjoying popularity across the whole society, blind date is becoming more common and acceptable in China today which appeals to countless people. However, for it, people's views differ.
According to a recent survey, young people are found quite positive about blind dates. They believe that blind date can help them experience more, make new friends, etc.
Even though most blind dates will not develop into romantic relationship that people search for, it still is an effective way for us to meet more people. However, some people think differently. They argue that people who go for blind date may value materials more than the personality. For instance, a girl may like to date a wealthy guy rather than a poor one.
To sum up, despite the above negative views on blind date, I still think it is a good way for the youngsters to socialize.
6月四级作文范文：论校园里的金钱挥霍
如今的大学生的花销越来越高，因为有家里的经济支援，有不少大学生对金钱的使用毫无概念，铺张浪费现象比比皆是。但是其实，花的钱并非自己挣得，是父母辛辛苦苦的血汗钱，所以，还是需要多少节俭一些的。
作文题目：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Extravagant Spending on College Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:
1)很多大学生每月的花销越来越高，根本没有节俭的概念，
2)分析产生这一现象的原因，
3)我的看法。
参考范文：
Extravagant Spending on College Campus
According to a survey, in recent years the monthly expenditure of a college student has been on the sharp rise. Many college students have no concept of thrift in their mind. They take it for granted that they spend money from their parents before they enter into the society. This extravagant spending is primarily caused by the following factors.
First of all, nowadays most of the students are the only children of their families. They are the apple in their family’s eyes and naturally get more care and pocket money. In addition, with the improvement of living standards, parents can afford higher expenditure of their children. Moreover, some students like to pursue fashion and trends, which tend to need more money. Finally, campus love is also a possible factor causing extravagant spending.
From my point of view, a college student, as a pure consumer, should learn to be thrifty. We should limit our expenditure on daily necessities but not buy whatever we want regardless of their prices. The habit of thrift can help us form right values and is favorable to our future development.
206月四级作文范文：如何解决大城市的住房问题
大城市生活固然好，然而房子却总是一个问题。暂不提房价高吧，有些人可能都有着没地方住或者不够住的烦恼。那么在大城市，如何解决这些住房问题呢？
作文题目：
How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities
参考范文：
The shortage of housing in big cities is one of the most serious problems of modern living. Increasing numbers of people are finding it difficult to conduct normal family and work duties because they either have nowhere to live or their houses are inadequate. This is a problem that requires an urgent solution because it leads to social unrest and economic inefficiency.
Some people suggest that the solution to the problem is to build more high-rise apartments, others are in favor of underground housing areas. I prefer the first idea, because it is cheaper to build above ground than below. Besides, people prefer to live in the open air and see the sunshine.
The second idea is not practical. One reason for this is that it is dangerous to construct living places under streets and buildings. Another reason is that it would take too much time to carry out, and in the meantime the number of people waiting for houses would increase, thus making the problem worse.
年6月四级作文范文：独生子女的利与弊
随着国家的二胎政策的公布，也许在不久的将来，独生子女就成了少数群体了。在还没有二胎成群的时候，我们一起来看看作为独生子女有哪些利与弊吧！
作文题目：
Advantage and Disadvantages of Being an Only Child
参考范文：
My father used to talk to me about his five siblings. He used to say that I was unfortunate that I had none. And I used to envy him and wonder how nice it would be to have a houseful of brothers and sisters. I also used to wonder what would happen to me if I were to lose my parents. Frankly speaking, I do not have to share anything with anybody. I own all my parents' love. I can ask for anything I want. I always wear new clothes and eat the best food. Since my parents spend all their money on me, I can study at the best university of the country.
Lucky as I am, I now and then feel very lonely and I have nobody to complain about my loneliness. How I long for a quarrel with my brothers and sisters! Of course I have classmates and friends, but they are different. Sometimes I feel so pessimistic that after my parents leave the world, I will have no blood relatives left to share with me the fond memories of my parents. Furthermore, I am likely to become selfish while I realize the world is for sharing.
So, I am happy but lonely; I am fortunate but piteous; I am loved but spoiled; I am well-bred but selfish, because I am the only child of the family.
above, across, around, before, behind, below,beneath,beside, close at hand,close to,down, far ahead, far behind, farther,here,in front of, in the distance,in the middle of,nearby, near to, next to, on,on the left/right,opposite to, over,there,to the left/right,under, up
(1)用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型
①As the graph depicts , …
②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that …
③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,
④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …
⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that …
(2)用于句首提出论题或现象的句型
①Recently , …has become the focus of the society .
②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life .
③Nowadays there is a growing concern for …
④Nowadays it is common to hear /see …
⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life .
⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of …
⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that …
⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes …
⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency …
⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face .
(3)用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型
①Some people like / prefer …, while others are / feel inclined to …
②There are different opinions among people as to … Some believe … whole hold …
③Some people claim that … is superior to … Others , however , disagree with it .
④Some people believe … Others maintain … Still others claim …
⑤Some people suggest … Others , however , hold the opposite opinion .
⑥On the one hand , people tend to … On the other hand , they feel …
⑦Some people argue that … Others , in contrast , believe that …
⑧Although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that …
⑨On the contrary , there are people in favor of …
⑩There are some people who hold different opinions about …
(4)用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型
①My own experience tells me that …
②In my opinion , we should attack more importance to …
③As for my own idea about … I believe …
④As far as I am concerned , I plan to …
⑤Personally , I prefer …
⑥In my view , both sides are partly right in that …
⑦But for me , I would rather …
⑧My own point of view is that …
⑨In conclusion , I support the statement that …
⑩As regards me , I tend to choose …
(5)用于书信写作的常用句型
①Thank you for your letter of …
②It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of … to accept …
③Thanks so much for your letter , which arrived …
④I am writing to you with reference to …
⑤I am writing to you in connection with …
⑥I would be grateful if you could / would …
⑦I would like to know some information on …
⑧It will be appreciated if you can / could …
⑨I would also like to know if you can / could …
⑩I look forward to hearing from you .
(6)用于结尾的常用句型
①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that …
②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …
③It is high time that something was done about …
④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that …
⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that …
⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that …
⑦It is clear , therefore , that …
⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …
⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …
⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that …
说明
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.
There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.
what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.
Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________
____.In Conclusion____________________.
皮影戏
Shadow play is one of the oldest operas in China. It was rooted in ancient Chang'an over 2,000 years ago and prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties.It was a popular folk drama in ancient China and also the ancestor of films in the worid. At that time, it brought people pleasure as modern movies and TVs do.Actors sing with the music, and control shadow tools at the same time.The contents of those plays are more about traditional historical dramas and fable stories.Shadow play is the treasure among the world's cultures and arts.
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