在平凡的学习、工作、生活中,大家都不可避免地会接触到作文吧,借助作文人们可以反映客观事物、表达思想感情、传递知识信息。那么一般作文是怎么写的呢?
"Today, you see that I am still in this company, which is because I once met a wise man, who told me a workplace truth at my most hesitant time, in the workplace, I want to turn myself into water and be put into any container.
This is a friend of mine, A Qiang, who works in a famous company. He has a masters degree and his talent in mold design ability. But he cant get the promotion and reuse of the company leader. Because he is only focused on technology and does not take time to engage in relationships.
Finally, in charge of the intolerable supervisor when could not play fast and loose, Jiagongjisi, he decided to resign. When he submitted his letter of resignation, he met a manager of a neighbouring department at the staircase, because there were only a few sides with him. The two people smiled and greeted each other.
The manager saw a strong hand on the letter of resignation, a look of surprise, he said: "if you have another job, congratulations to you. If you are in charge of your department, you have to think about it: you must learn how to get along with different people, otherwise you will always meet such a person, and then lose your mind.
This is not too familiar with the managers words, all of a sudden when it comes to the tip. A lot of people in the workplace angrily stumbled does not understand the problem, the original only in this short a few words.
John was shocked. After that, he ripped the letter back to the post, practicing how to get along with hate charge, although he still does not agree with some things against his principles, but he began to seriously, try to look on the bright side of things, and thus also changed from confrontation between supervisor and.
A year later, because of a strong business is outstanding, company to set up a branch, and served as a responsible person.
He often meet that he learned from a few words of the manager, the manager still has a cool look. Although a strong never asked him to say thank you, but he will always remember the day when I met, the wise man in the staircase, a few words of light, open a frozen and full of corners of the original stone heart.
高个女性生双胞胎几率大
Taller women are more likely to have twins, according to a US study.
Gary Steinman, an obstetrician at New York's Long Island Jewish Medical Center, compared the heights of 129 women who gave birth to twins or triplets with the average height of women in the United States and found women with multiple-birth pregnancies averaged more than an inch taller.
Steinman, whose study is being published in the September issue of the Journal of Reproductive Medicine, said the reason seems to be an insulin-like growth factor, which has been positively linked to both height and twinning.
Insulin-like growth factor is a protein that is released from the liver in response to growth hormone. It increases the sensitivity of the ovaries to follicle stimulating hormone, thereby increasing ovulation, the study said.
"Any circumstance that affects the amount of available insulin-like growth factor so as to modify the sensitivity of the ovary to follicle-stimulating hormone appears to govern the rate of spontaneous twinning," Steinman said in a statement.
Previous studies have demonstrated that shorter people have significantly lower levels of this protein and that countries with taller women have higher rates of twinning compared to countries with shorter women.
In a previous study, Steinman found that women who consume animal products, specifically dairy, were five times more likely to have twins. Cows, like humans, produceinsulin-like growth factor in response to growth hormones and release it into the blood, and the protein makes its way into their milk.
3天的初中英语优质课评选活动结束了。我有幸被学校派往德州五中听课学习。感谢学校给我提供了一次不可多得的学习机会。这为我们英语教师的业务素质提高提供了一次不可多得的学习机会,通过参加这次活动。我受益匪浅,让我近距离地领略到每们教师的教学风格,深厚的教学功底及精湛的教学技能,这些优质课有很多值得我学习借鉴的东西,下面谈谈我的几点感受。
教师自身的良好素质是讲好课的重要前提和保证。我发现优秀的教师均有一下特点:
1、口语流利、发音准确。只有做到这一点,才能保证孩子对课堂的理解、才能保证孩子学到正确的知识、地道的语言。
2、善于利用多媒体及辅助教学手段。使孩子接触到的知识更立体、更直观、更生动。
3、教态亲切、表情丰富、在课堂上能轻松、活泼潇洒的进行授课,富有艺术性。
4、有扎实的英语基础知识作后盾,词汇丰富,课堂充实。在教学中能优化教学,提高效率,比如:亲切的问候和交流,拉近老师与学生的距离,别出心裁的组织教学,唤起学生的注意,丰富多样的直观教具,培养学生的兴趣,提高学生的交际能力,以听说为主,多元化的练习,引导学生实践,真诚实效的辅导,促进每个学生的指导,用轻松、愉快、活泼的课堂气氛调动学生的学习英语的主动性和积极性,引起他们的学习兴趣,激起学生的主体参与意识,教师在教学是以自己的态度来激活课堂气氛,用轻松活泼的气氛影响学生的情绪,因为学生的情绪会直接关系到教学的效果,重视学生的学习积极性,对每个学生取得的成绩及点滴进步都予以肯定。
作为一名年轻的老师不仅仅要认真地上好每一堂课,还要在这个“好”字上下功夫,怎能样才能上好课,怎样才能上出让学生喜欢的课?怎样让自己的语言更优美,让自己的学生更喜欢?怎样才能培养学生的创新意识和实践能力,要多琢磨,要多学习。
通过这次听课,我开阔了眼界,看到了自己的不足,让我深切的体会到了紧迫感,认识到了自己的局限。同时我对自己也提出了问题去思考,相信通过自己的不断努力,一定能拉近距离,不断进步。
反思之余,真的庆幸,我还年轻。只有激情和对工作的热情是远远不够的。自己需要学的东西太多太多。首先要提高自身的业务素质,英语一天不看,不听就会退步,经常提醒学生,却麻痹了自己。其次,热情永远不能跟经验相抗衡。虚心向别人学习,充实自己。做一个永不自满的学习者。
为了梦想,快乐的拼搏吧!因为我还年轻。
And beyond that, on behalf of your mother and sisters, I pledge that we, your blood family, will do all we can to continue the imaginative way in which you were steering these two exceptional young men so that their souls are not simply immersed by duty and tradition but can sing openly as you planned.
The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs on the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course be a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless tress, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bell, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children. (118 words) From Kavanagh By Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
What will matter?
Ready or not, some day it will all come to an end. There will be no more sunrises, no days, no hours or minutes. All the things you collected, whether treasured or forgotten, will pass to someone else.
Your wealth, fame and temporal power will shrivel to irrelevance. It will not matter what you owned or what you were owed.
Your grudges, resentments, frustrations, and jealousies will finally disappear.
So, too, your hopes, ambitions, plans, and to-do lists will all expire. The wins and losses that once seemed so important will fade away.
It won’t matter where you came from, or on what side of the tracks you lived.
It won’t matter whether you were beautiful or brilliant. Your gender, skin color, ethnicity will be irrelevant.
So what will matter? How will the value of your days be measured?
What will matter is not what you bought, but what you bui< not what you got, but what you gave.
What will matter is not your success, but your significance.
What will matter is not what you learned, but what you taught.
What will matter is every act of integrity, compassion, courage and sacrifice that enriched, empowered or encouraged others to emulate your example.
What will matter is not your competence, but your character.
What will matter is not how many people you knew, but how many will feel a lasting loss when you’re gone.
What will matter is not your memories, but the memories of those who loved you.
What will matter is how long you will be remembered, by whom and for what.
Living a life that matters doesn’t happen by accident.
It’s not a matter of circumstance but of choice.
译文:
不管你是不是已经准备好了,生命终将有走到终点的那一天。不再有旭日东升,不再有日日时时,也不再有一分一秒。你所有的一切,无论是所珍爱的还是已遗忘的,都将交到另一个人的手里。
你的财富、名望和凡世的权力都将变得卑微,成为无关紧要的东西。你欠了世人什么,世人又欠了你什么,所有这一切都不再重要。
希望、抱负、计划以及想要做的林林总总,和幽怨、愤恨、失败、妒忌一起,都归于灰飞烟灭。曾经是那么在意的成败得失也变得无足轻重。
你来自哪里,你住在路的那边,都不足挂齿。你是否拥有美貌和才气也不值一提。你的'性别、肤色、民族亦变得无关紧要。
那么,什么才是生命中重要的东西呢?你生命的价值又是如何体现的?
生命中重要的不是你买到了什么,而是你创建了什么;不是你得到了什么,而是你给予了什么;不是你所取得的成功,而是你创造的价值;不是你学到了什么,而是你教会了别人什么。
生命中重要的是你正直、仁慈、勇敢、奉献的每一个行为。这些行为充实了别人、鼓舞着别人
生命中重要的不是你的能力,而是你的性格;不是你认识多少人,而是当你离去时会有多少人感到永远地失去了些什么;不是你的记忆,而是那些深爱着你的人的怀念。
生命中重要的是人们会怀念你多久,谁会怀念你,怀念你什么。
拥有一个有意义的人生不是偶然的事情,也不是环境所能决定的事情,而是你自己的选择。
一:概要
调查目的:了解我校大学生课外阅读情况,及时发现存在的一些问题,促进大学校园良好读书风气的形成。
调查对象:校本部在校大学生
调查方式:采用书面问卷形式,在分层的基础上对各年级进行抽样调查。
调查项目:课外阅读的目的、时间长短、阅读场所、书籍类型及其范围、阅读书籍来源
二、结果与分析
(一)课外阅读的状况:
本次调查涉及大学生的整个课外活动,调查结果表明:大学生的课外活动兴趣
丰富多彩,范围广泛,种类繁多。当代大学生最喜欢的课外活动按次序排列分别为:课外阅读65%、网上冲浪62%、体育活动59%、观看影视58%、玩棋牌25%、其他(2%)。本次调查大学生课外阅读兴趣的范围是书籍、报纸和杂志,调查表明大学生最喜欢的课外活动就是阅读!这说明我校大学生对课外阅读有较高热情,对课外阅读持积极态度。
上网和课外阅读是大学生打发业余时间最常用的方法,我们从其他调查结果了解到,大学生对网络资源的利用率比较低,把网络用于学习的只占较小的比重,而用于聊天和玩游戏的所占比重最大。我们走进网吧和学校机房的时候就会获得一些体验和清醒的认识---应接不暇的是奇迹-传奇-大话西游等网络贵族游戏和如cs等硬盘游戏,以及嘟嘟嘟的qq铃声。对于这样的调查结果,我们应该感到幸运---课外阅读者比网上冲浪者高出三个百分点,从中我们可以知道,现在大学生的危机意识提高了很多,对自己的前景不如以前那么自信,知道怎么才能增加自己在未来竞争中获胜的筹码,切身感到充实自己,提高自己修养的重要性,当代大学生逐渐多了几分成熟,少了一些冲动和急噪,开始用审视的目光看待未来。令人欣慰的是,作为理工类院校的矿业大学,有阅读习惯的人占总人数的94%,这不能不说是一个进步,尤其是在阅读类型上
文学类书籍的阅读者要远多与其他如专业辅导、外语计算机等,达到60.07%,如果在人文类院校,这并不是一个比较高的数字,但在以煤炭专业为主导的矿大,能有这样的结果,已经算是一个不小的进步了(这里缺少纵向比较的数据),作为文科学生,可以从中获得一些安慰,因为这写数据可以告诉我们这样一个信息――我们学校又多了一些人文气息,已经在向真正的综合类院校转变,不必担心一个崇尚学术自由和学术交流的人文学者在这里找不到知音和“敌人”。但是这里又存在了一个问题,就是人们课外阅读的结构是否合理的情况,大学生都 对文学特别青睐,而对专业课的学习却不够重视,容易出现对什么都了解除了自己的专业的怪现象。
每天课外阅读所花时间情况
1小时以内 2小时 3小时 3小时以上 合计 人数 124 94 34 16 268 比例(%) 46.27 35.07 12.69 5.97 100
月阅读量
情况 0本 1-2本 3-4本 4本以上 合计 组中值 0 1.5 3.5 4.5
人数 11 134 81 42 268 比例(%) 4.1 49.63 29.85 19.42 100
从课外阅读时间和阅读量上,我们可以直接了解到人们对课外阅读的态度及重视程度:
在时间上:46.27%的学生每天花1小时左右的时间作课外阅读,35.07%的学生花2小时,12.69%的学生花3小时,5.97%的学生花3小时以上的时间。所花时间在两小时以内的占总人数的81.34%,超过两小时的仅占18.66%,说明在课外阅读上所花的时间还是偏少。因为大学还是相别于高中的,我们有着很多的课余时间,从时间上看,我校学生对课外阅读的重视程度还是不够的。
在阅读量上:没月不搞课外阅读的仅占4.1%,有49.63%的人每月读1.5本,29.85%的学生每月读3.5本。而每月读4.5本的占了19.42%。从阅读两上暴露的问题则更加明显:每月阅读量在1.5本以内占53.73%,在3.5本以上的仅占49.27%,在业余时间很充裕的大学里出现这重状况,不管怎样也不算是合理。所以虽然矿大的人文气氛有所改善,但总体上还是不够理想,与以文科为主导的学校相比还存在很大的差距。
二、大学生课外阅读兴趣状况:
从表二:大学生课外阅读类型可以看出我校学生的课外阅读兴趣:比较偏爱文学类(60.07%),外语计算机次之(10.07%),专业辅导仅9.33%,其他20.52%
(一)大学生课外阅读兴趣差异
从年级看,大一大学生专业辅导类占课外阅读的3.08%,文学类占61.54%,外语计算机占12.31%;大二:专业辅导1.56%,文学类68.75%,外语计算机类7.81%;大三学生:
专业辅导11.86%,文学49.15%,外语计算机16.95%;大四:专业辅导类5.77%,文学类42.31%,外语计算机类23.08%。对于 不如同的年级,同学的阅读状况并不一样,表现出很大的差异,低年级大学生比较喜欢娱乐性、消遣性的课外读物;高年级大学生比较喜欢知识性、专业性和学术性的课外读物,其中文学类的读物大二是高峰,然后呈递减的趋势
(二)大学生课外阅读兴趣分析
课外阅读兴趣,是当代大学生最主要的课外活动兴趣之一,占总人数的65%,这也是大学生作为知识文化群体的主要特征。调查发现,文学书籍(主要是小说)依然是当代大学生课外阅读兴趣中最主要的读物,这与文学自身的特色与优势有关。同时在紧张而又枯燥的专业学习之余,大学生们希望阅读一些高质量的休闲、娱乐类读物,文学类书籍以其思想性和批判性的风格,非常适合大学生的阅读心理(也适合更多的大众),� 造成大学生低年级和高年级阅读兴趣差异的主要原因是低年级大学生的理论素养比较差,学术水准较低,专业理想尚未完全形成,没有良好的课外阅读方法,因而对专业性、理论性、学术性的课外读物难以产生兴趣,只能把阅读兴趣主要放在消遣、娱乐性的读物上。
三、大学生的阅读动机
55.97%大学生的阅读目的是为了陶冶情操,80.97%是为了拓展知识,指导实践也占了25.31%,而为了提高考分的仅占3.36%。这说明在课外阅读中,人们的功利意识并不是太强,并不是单纯的为了提高考分,拿到学分,在考试中可以不“挂”,而是上升到一个高度,即为了自身发展,提高自己的素质,全面发展自己,培养自己的人格,也是为了指导自己的学习,使自己的行为更加合理化和科学化。同时,也是为了调节机械的专业学习,获取专业以外的知识,养成合理的习惯,从这一点上,我们就不难理解为什么文学类读物更受大学生的欢迎了。从大学生的阅读动机中我们可以了解到,课外阅读已�
四、总结:
(1)当代大学生的兴趣具有广泛性和多样性
本次调查表明在课外阅读兴趣等方面,当代大学生的阅读兴趣表现出了个性化和多样化,所涉及的范围极其广泛,种类也繁多,虽然在调查中,我们知道的是大学生对文学类读物比较偏爱,但这并不能掩盖阅读的多样化倾向,大学生注重从多方面去发展提高自己,需要从不同的方向入手,才能全面提高自己的修养。
(2)当代大学生的兴趣具有娱乐性和消遣性
个体兴趣自身具有娱乐性和消遣性的特征,对满足大学生课外业余活动和闲暇生活具有非常重要的意义,也是大学生个性和谐发展和自身社会化不可或缺的途径。例如大学生对文学类课外读物的兴趣,满足了他们认识社会、认识人生、认识生活,并借以抒发和寄托自己的生活理想和表达自己对生活憧憬的美好意愿和情感,这对他们强烈的探索人生、探索生活需要联系在一起。但是,我们也要注意到,大学生对文学类读物的过多重视,而埋头于对他人生活的解读,忽视了自己的现实生活,这也显然不利于大学生个体素质的提高。
(3)当代大学生的兴趣具有社会性和实用性
兴趣的产生和发展是以需要为基础的,大学生兴趣的选择也是其个人需要和社会需要的反映。从调查得知,文学类、英语计算机类和专业辅导类是大学生最经常阅读的对象,大学生的课外阅读兴趣中对实用性的英语、计算机类课程及专业等读物的关注,符合当前社会的发展现实,这也是社会对人才需求的重要体现。当前社会各行各业对英语、计算机等人才及知识的广泛需要,成为大学生们兴趣发展的有效内驱力,也反映了大学生对自身发展和社会需要关系认识的现实和实用的态度。
A fib 小小的谎言
I was six years old, my sister, Sally Kay, was a submissive three-year-old girl. For some reasons, I thought we needed to earn some money. I decided we should “hire out” as maids. We
visited the neighbors, offering to clean houses for them for a quater cents. Reasonable as our offer was, there were no takers. But one neighbor telephoned my mother to let her know what Mary Alice and Sally Kay were doing.
Mother had just hung up the phone when we came first into the back door into the kitchen of our apartement. “Girls,” mother asked, “why were you two going around the neighborhood telling people you would clean their houses?” Mother wasn't angry with us. In fact, we learned afterwards she was amused that we had came up with such an idea.
But, for some reason, we both denied having done any such thing. Shocked and terribly hurt that her dear little girls could be such “boldfaced (厚颜无耻的) liars” . Mother then told us that Mrs. Jones had just called and told her we had been to her house and said we would clean it for a quater cents .
Faced with the truth, we admitted what we had done. Mother said we have fibed, we have not told the truth. She was sure that we knew better. She tried to explain why a fib (小谎) hurt, but she didn't feel that we really understood.
Years later, she told us that the lesson she came up with for trying to teach us to be truthful would probably have been found upon by child psychologists. The idea came to her in a flash, and a tender-hearted mother told us it was the most difficult lesson she ever taught us. It was a lesson we never forgot. After admonishing(警告,劝告) us, mother cheerfully begain preparing for lunch. As we monching on sandwhiches, she asked:“ Would you two like to go to see the movies this afternoon?”
“Wow, would we ever?” We wondered what movie would be playing. Mother said:“The Matinee”。
“Oh, fatastic! We would be going to see The Matinee, would we lucky?” We got bathed and all dressed up. It was like getting ready for a birthday party. We hurried outside the apartment, not wanting to miss the bus that would take us downtown. On the landing, Mom stunned (使震惊) us by saying, “Girls, we are not going to the movies today.” We didn't hear her right.
“What?” we objected. “What do you mean? Aren't we going to The Matinee? Mommy, you said that we are going to the Matinee. ” Mother stooped and gathered us in her arms. I couldn't understand why there were tears in her eyes. We still had the time to get the bus, but hugging us, she gently explained this is a fib felt like. “It is important that what we say is true ,” Mom said. “I fibbed to you just now and it felt awful to me. I don't ever want to fib again and I'm sure you don't want to fib again either. People must be able to believe each others. Do you understand? ”
We assured her that we understood. We would never forget. And since we had learned a lesson, why not go to the movie to see The Matinee. There were still time. Not today. Mother told us. We would go another time. That is how over fifty years ago, my sister and I learned to be truthful. We have never forgotten how much a fib can be hurt.
Even if the word “pop” disappears from the English vocabulary,the influence of pop will remain.Pop has become part of British—and American—history.
“流行音乐”这个词即使从词汇中消失,它的影响将仍然存在。流行音乐已�
There has always been a close cultural link,or tie,between Britain and English—speaking America,not only in literature but also in the popular arts,especially music.Before the Second World War the Americans exported jazz and the blues.During the 1950s they exported rock ’n’ roll,and star singers like Elvis Presley were idolized by young Britons and Americans alike.
在英国和说英语的美国之间,不仅在文学方面,而且在流行艺术,特别是音乐方面,一直有着密切的。接触或联系。第二次世界大战前,美国的爵士音乐和布鲁士乐曾流传到国外。在五十年代,他们又输出了摇滚乐。像普雷斯利这样的歌星,在英美两国同样受到年轻人的崇拜。
Then in the early 1960s a new sound was heard,very different from anything which had so far come from the American side of the Atlantic.This was the Liverpool,or Merseyside,“beat”。Situated on the River Mersey in the north—eastern corner of the industrial Black Country,Liverpool was not a place which anyone visited for fun.Until the 1960s it was known only as one of Britain’s largest ports.Then,almost overnight,it became world famous as the birthplace of the new pop culture which,in a few years,swept across Britain and America,and across most of the countries of the western world.
后来,在六十年代初期,人们听到一种新的声音。它和过去从大西洋彼岸的美国传来的声音很不相同。这是利物浦或默西塞德郡的“节拍”。利物浦位于工业区黑乡东北角和默西河畔,并不是一个游览胜地。在19世纪60年代以前,利物浦都只不过是以英国最大的港口而被人们所熟知,但是,一夜之间,利物浦以新流行文化的摇篮而世界闻名,这股流行文化风在短短的几年内,横扫英美,在西方世界的大多数国家流行起来。
The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature. It is a moral quality. The absence of it is not an assured ground of condemnation, but the presence of it is an invariable sign of goodness of heart. In proportion to the degree in which it is felt will probably be the degree in which nobleness and beauty of character will be attained.
Natural beauty is an all-pervading presence. The universe is its temple. It unfolds into the numberless flowers of spring. It waves in the branches of trees and the green blades of grass. It haunts the depths of the earth and the sea. It gleams from the hues of the shell and the precious stone. And not only these minute objects but the oceans, the mountains, the clouds, the stars, the rising and the setting sun---all overflow with beauty. This beauty is so precious, and so congenial to our tenderest and noblest feelings, that it is painful to think of the multitude of people living in the midst of it and yet remaining almost blind to it.
All persons should seek to become acquainted with the beauty in nature. There is not a worm we tread upon, nor a leaf that dances merrily as it falls before the autumn winds, but calls for our study and admiration. The power to appreciated beauty not merely increases our sources of happiness---it enlarges our moral nature, too. Beauty calms our restlessness and dispels our cares. Go into the fields or the woods, spend a summer day by the sea or the mountains, and all your little perplexities and anxieties will vanish. Listen to sweet music, and your foolish fears and petty jealousies will pass away. The beauty of the world helps us to seek and find the beauty of goodness.
爱美及是整个健全人性不可或缺之一部分。它是一种道德品质。缺乏这种品质并不能作为受到责难的充分理由,但是拥有这种品质则是心灵美好的永恒标志。品德的高尚与美好所达到的程度可能与对美感受程度成正比。
大自然的美无处不在,整个宇宙就是美的殿堂。美,在春日百花中绽放;美,在绿叶嫩枝间摇曳;美,在深海幽谷里游弋;美,在奇石与贝壳的缤纷色彩中闪烁。不只是这些细微的物品,还有海洋,山川,云彩,繁星,日升日落 。 一切都是洋溢着美。这样的美是如此珍贵,与我们最温柔,最高尚的情愫是如此相宜。然而,想到很多人置身于美之中,却几乎对它熟视无睹,真是令人痛心不已。
所有的人都应该去认识大自然之美。没有一条我们踩过的小虫,没有一片在秋风拂掠之际飞舞的树叶不值得我们研究与赞赏。欣赏美的能力不仅增加了我们快乐的来源,也加强了我们德性修养。美使我们不安的心平静下来,也驱散了我们的忧虑。到田野或森林去,在夏日的海边或山上呆上一天,那么你所有微不足道的困惑与焦虑都会烟消云散。倾听悦耳的音乐,你那愚蠢的恐惧与狭隘的嫉妒都会过去。世界之美将有助于我们找到为善之美。
In our daily life, we have to come into contact with people in every walk of life.therefore, it is very important for us to know how to get along with other people. to get well along with others and win their friendships, we must observe strictly the following words.
To begin with, we need to be honest with others and shouh{ always say what we mean. lies will surely make people stay far away from us in the long run. after all,honesty is the best policy. second, we have to be humble enough. if we are proud in public, we can hardly win others respect, not to mention "friendship"
Finally, we must not be selfish. we should learn how to show concern for others.
As long as we abide by what is mentioned above, we will find it easy to get along well with others.
Someone once said: "Don't be afraid if you find a crack on your soul, because that'll be where the sunshine comes in."
有人说过:“不要害怕心有裂缝,那是阳光照进来的地方。”
Before I met you, I thought this was nothing but another bunch of useless beautiful words.
在遇到你以前,我觉得这不过又是一句没用的华丽辞藻。
But after I met you, I realized that this is my life.
而在遇到你之后,我发现,这就是我的人生。
There're too many wonderful things in this world. But life is so short and fragile.
这个世界有太多的'美好,而生命却短暂而脆弱。
It was your appearance that made my life full of these warmth and lights.
是你的出现,让我的生活变得如此温暖而光彩夺目。
It was you who wiped away all the fear that dwelled in my heart and made feel that I could overcome all the challenges that life holds for me.
是你,拂去了我心中的恐惧,让我觉得人生的挑战都可以被战胜。
Days get longer and warmer in the spring.
There are new leaves on the trees.
Flowers begin to grow.
Rain makes the grass green and helps the plants grow.
Spring is the time of new life. Nature puts on new clothes in many colors —red, yellow, blue, white, and purple.
Birds build nests in the spring.
Many baby animals appear.
People like to make gardens and farmers plant crops in the fields.
Spring is the season for young love. “In the spring a young man’s thoughts turn to love.” according to an old saying.
The Cat and the Bell (猫和铃)
There were many mice in a house. The man of the house got a cat. The cat killed many of the mice.
Then the oldest mouse said, " All mice must come to my hole tonight, and we will think what we can do about this cat."
All the mice came. Many mice spoke, but none knew what to do. At last a young mouse stood up and said, "We must put a bell on the cat. Then, when the cat comes near, we shall hear the bell and run away and hide. So the cat will not catch any more mice."
Then the old mouse asked, " Who will put the bell on the cat?"
No mouse answered.
He waited, but still no one answered.
At last he said, "It is not hard to say things; but it is harder to do them."
A Woodman came into a forest to ask the Trees to give him a handle for Ax. It seemed so modest a request that the principal tree at once agreed to it, and it was settled among them that the plain, homely Ash should furnish what was wanted.
No sooner had the Woodman fitted the staff to his purpose ,than he began laying about him on all side. felling the whole matter too late, whispered to the Cedar: "the first concession has lost all ;if we has not a sacrificed our humble neighbor, we might have yet stood for ages ourselves.
Let A Miracle Happen
"There"s a new student waiting in your room," my principal announced, hurrying past me on the stairs. "Name"s Mary. I need to talk to you about her. Stop in the office later."
I nodded and glanced down at the packs of pink, red and white paper, and the jars of paste and boxes of scissors I held in my arms. "Fine," I said. "I"ve just come from the supply room. We"re making valentine envelopes this morning. It"ll be a good way for her to get acquainted."
This was my third year of teaching fourth-graders, but I was already aware how much they loved Valentine"s Day (now just a week away), and making these bright containers to tape to the fronts of their desks was a favorite activity. Mary would surely be caught up in the excitement and be chatting cheerfully with new friends before the project was finished. Humming to myself, I continued up the stairs.
I didn"t see her at first. She was sitting in the back of the room with her hands folded in her lap. Her head was down and long, light-brown hair fell forward, caressing the softly shadowed cheeks.
"Welcome, Mary," I said. "I"m so glad you"ll be in our room. And this morning you can make an envelope to hold your valentines for our party on Valentine"s Day."
No response. Had she heard me?
"Mary," I said again, slowly and distinctly.
She raised her head and looked into my eyes. The smile on my face froze. A chill went through me and I stood motionless. The eyes in that sweet, little-girl face were strangely empty - as if the owner of a house had drawn the blinds and gone away. Once before I had seen such eyes: They had belonged to an inmate of a mental institution, one I"d visited as a college student. "She"s found life unendurable," the resident psychiatrist had explained, "so she"s retreated from the world." She had, he went on, killed her husband in a fit of insane jealousy.
But this child - she could have been my own small, lovable niece except for those blank, desolate eyes. Dear God, I thought, what horror has entered the life of this innocent little girl?
I longed to take her in my arms and hug the hurt away. Instead, I pulled books from the shelf behind her and placed them in her lap. "Here are texts you"ll be using, Mary. Would you like to look at them?" Mechanically, she opened each book, closed it and resumed her former position.
The bell rang then, and the children burst in on a wave of cold, snowy air. When they saw the valentine materials on my desk, they bubbled with excitement.
There was little time to worry about Mary that first hour. I took attendance, settled Mary into her new desk and introduced her. The children seemed subdued and confused when she failed to acknowledge the introduction or even raise her head.
Quickly, in order to divert them, I distributed materials for the envelopes and suggested ways to construct and decorate them. I placed materials on Mary"s desk, too, and asked Kristie, her nearest neighbor, to offer help.
With the children happily engrossed, I escaped to the office. "Sit down," my principal said, "and I"ll fill you in." The child, she said, had been very close to her mother, living alone with her in a Detroit suburb. One night, several weeks ago, someone had broken into their home and shot and killed the mother in Mary"s presence. Mary escaped, screaming, to a neighbor"s. Then the child went into shock. She hadn"t cried or mentioned her mother since.
The principal sighed and then went on. "Authorities sent her here to live with her only relative - a married sister. The sister enrolled Mary this morning. I"m afraid we"ll get little help from her. She"s divorced, with three small children to support. Mary is just one more responsibility."
"But what can I do?" I stammered. "I"ve never known a child like this before." I felt so inadequate.
"Give her love," she suggested, "lots and lots of love. She"s lost so much. There"s prayer, too - and faith, faith that will make her a normal little girl again if you just don"t lose hope."
I returned to my room to discover that the children were already shunning this "different" child. Not that Mary noticed. Even kindly little Kristie looked affronted. "She won"t even try," she told me.
I sent a note to the principal to remove Mary from the room for a short time. I needed to enlist the children"s help before recess, before they could taunt her about being "different."
"Mary"s been hurt badly," I explained gently, "and she"s so quiet because she"s afraid she"ll be hurt again. You see, her mother just died, and there"s no one else who loves her. You must be very patient and understanding. It may be a long time before she"s ready to laugh and join in your games, but you can do a lot to help her."
Bless all children. How loving they can be once they understand. On Valentine"s Day, Mary"s envelope overflowed. She looked at each card without comment and replaced it in her container. She didn"t take them home, but at least she looked at them.
She arrived at school insufficiently dressed for the bitterly cold weather. Her raw, chapped hands - without mittens - cracked and bled. Although she seemed oblivious to sore hands and the cold, I sewed buttons on her thin coat, and the children brought caps, scarves, sweaters and mittens. Kristie, like a little mother, helped Mary bundle up before she went outdoors, and she insisted on walking to and from school with her.
In spite of our efforts, we seemed to be getting no closer to Mary as the cold, dreary March days dragged by. Even my faith was wearing thin. My heart ached so desperately, wanting this child to come alive, to be aware of the beauty the wonder, the fun - and, yes - even the pain of living.
Dear God, I prayed, please let one small miracle happen. She needs it so desperately.
Then on a late March day, one of the boys excitedly reported a robin in the schoolyard. We flocked to the window to see it. "Spring"s here!" the children cried. "Let"s make a flower border for the room!"
Why not? I thought. Anything to lift our spirits. This time the papers we selected were beautiful pastel colors - with brown strips to weave into baskets. I showed the children how to weave the baskets and how to fashion all the flowers we welcome in early spring. Remembering the valentine incident, I expected nothing from Mary; nevertheless, I placed the beautifully colored papers on her desk and encouraged her to try. Then I left the children to do their own creating, and I spent the next half-hour sorting scraps of paper at the back of the room.
Suddenly, Kristie came hurrying to me, her face aglow. "Come see Mary"s basket," she exclaimed. "It"s so pretty! You"ll never believe it!"
I caught my breath at its beauty. The gently curled petals of hyacinths, the daffodils" fluted cups, skillfully fashioned crocuses and violets - work one would expect from a child much older.
"Mary," I said. "This is beautiful. How did you ever manage?"
She looked at me with the shining eyes of any normal little girl. "My mother loved flowers," she said simply. "She had all of these growing in our garden."
Thank you, God, I said silently. You"ve given us the miracle. I knelt and put my arms around the child. Then the tears came, slowly at first, but soon she was sobbing her heart out against my shoulder. The other children had tears in their eyes, too, but theirs - like mine - were tears of joy.
We fastened her basket in the very center of the border at the front of the room. It remained there until school ended in June. On the last day, Mary held it carefully as she carried it out the door. Then she came running back, pulled a crocus from her basket and handed it to me. "This is for you," she said, and she gave me a hug and a kiss.
Mary moved away that summer. I lost track of her, but I"ll never forget her. And I know God is caring for her.
I"ve kept the crocus in my desk ever since - just to remind me of Mary and of the enduring power of love and faith.
坚持每一天,充分利用一切可以利用的时间学英语。没有持之以恒的学习和大量的时将做保障,一切都是空谈。
1.早上起床后,打开复读机放到最大的声音听,直到离开家。
2.带着随身听,(现在别人都用mp3了)上班路上骑车听,不过要注意交通安全;或者拿着一张头天晚上写好的已学过的英文,边走边背诵,然后就自己唠叨。每天都会先重复昨天背的,再背新的。
3.准备一本非常薄的英语故事书,工作中遇到上厕所的时候看看,或者听录音。反正在厕所,领导也不知道。我用的是外研社的《书虫》系列,最爱看的是《鲁宾孙漂流记》thelife and strange surprising adventures of robinsoncrusoe,原因有两点,一是这本书都是以第一人称写的,比较适合于学习怎么介绍自己。二是增强自信心,看看鲁宾孙不屈不挠的战斗精神,学习英语又能算得了什么!
4.中午休息时,默写已背会的课文,收起来晚上回家对照正误。或者趴在桌子上边睡觉边听录音。
5.和同事聊天的时候找张废纸,边聊边划拉着句子或者单词,进行无意识记忆。一回生、两回熟。
6.在单位放本词典,没事情的时候就随意翻一篇,随便找个单词,从头到位的看例句。有好的就摘抄下来。我使用的是《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》。
7.下班回家路上重复上班时的工作。
8.晚上听录音学习新的内容
9.找盘英语带,边睡边听。磁带放完后,复读机自动关机,省电!我用的是“步步高”复读机,音效非常好!
开始第一阶段:“打通”耳朵 完全听清
只1个月就可将toeic成绩提高200分
第一阶段的四个要领
第一,选择1盘(再次强调是1盘而非1套)适合自身英语水平的磁带。
第二,每天集中精力把a面和b面连续听两遍。
第三,要坚持天天听,但每隔6天要休息1天。
第四,直到听清磁带中的所有内容。
☆什么叫“完全听清为止”
千万别跟背诵联系在一起。'完全听清’指的是这样一种情况:即有一天,当你打开录音机再听那盘磁带时,没等磁带转到那儿,脑海里就已经浮现出后面的内容,而且要具体到句子、单词甚至发音,一项也不能缺。当然难免会有生词,可虽说拼写比较生疏,但发音却已经非常熟悉了。还有,别怪我唠叨,遇到生词,千万别查词典。尽管觉得只要查一下某个单词,就能大概清楚是什么意思了,但千万别那样做。这样做就会前功尽弃,好不容易形成的分类体系,瞬间就可能泡汤。”
◆◆1.选择1盘适合自己水平的磁带
关键在于准确判断自己的英语水平。大部分人通常都低估自己在英语方面的能力,而且不知道去具体地辨析地思考自己在哪一方面具有优势或劣势。
人们普遍认为韩国人在语法方面具有较强的优势,但这种说法也已经过时,并不完全适用于当今的年轻一代。看等级考试的分数分布情况就可以知道,年轻一代的个体差别是很大的。
●选择磁带的方法之一:根据自己的水平选择难度适当的磁带
判断英语水平的方法非常简单。只需看你的听力水平。你虽然能流畅地阅读英文报纸或杂志,但遇到美国人却几乎听不懂对方所说的话,如果是这样,就应该选择初级水平的磁带。如果听得懂日常会话,则应该选择中级水平的磁带。
●选择磁带的方法之二:最好选美国语言学博士开发的磁带
关键在于选择什么样的磁带。最好是选择美国语言学博士研究开发的磁带。因为既然是英语,他们才是专家。
●选择磁带的方法之三:选择与自己学英语目的最接近的磁带
最好是选择与本人学英语目的最接近的磁带。为进行商务洽谈而学英语的人,应该选择“businessenglish(商务英语)”,为日常会话学英语的人,应该选择“conversation(会话英语)”。如果你是为了听讲或留学而学英语,当然最好选择“toefl(托福)”磁带了。
若要提高toeic成绩,toeic磁带当然是最佳先择,但也不是长久之计,因为其水平太低。
2.每天一口气听两遍
关键在于“一口气”三个字,不能断断续续,也不能只着重听其中一面。
也就是说,至少要在1个半小时之内,不管是否理解,耐心地一口气听两遍。
听磁带也应该持这种心态,才能达到最好的效果。也就是说,如果听一听就忍不住查词典是绝对不可取的。一定要坚持听下去,就像什么也不懂的孩童喜欢听妈妈那甜美的声音一样……
但事实上并非如此。因为多数人已经掌握了很多单词,不管发音准确与否,毕竟学发音的时间已经不短了。
所以,本着研究发音的态度听磁带也行。那么,总有一天你会渐渐领悟到介词或连词可以连读或几乎将其省略,而对重要单词则需放慢速度加以强调等发音要领。
3.坚持每天听,但每隔6天要休息1天
休息一天是因为就像酿制葡萄酒一样,学习语言也需要一个成熟过程。葡萄酒的纯正味道是葡萄、酒精和水充分混合的结果,真正掌握语言则是单词、发音和句子进入大脑并被系统化地加以消化吸收的过程,只有信息的接收而没有休息的过程,大脑自身的信息处理功能将难以正常运作,甚至可能发生时间投入越多效果越差的现象。
想必大部分人都有这方面的体会。尤其是需要背诵的科目,考试前能够倒背如流的内容,考试一结束,头脑里就所剩无几了。
与之相反,经过数月的研究过程所掌握的知识,即使过了多少年也难以忘掉。当然掌握语言的过程与此不完全相同,但它们都需要经历一个熟悉的过程,这一点上,二者是一脉相承的。
4.坚持到完全听到所有的内容为止
“完全听到”,顾名思义就是“听到全部”的意思,并不是“完全听懂(理解全部)的意思”。
也就是说,能够听到由磁带传来的所有的“声音”。对每个单词的发音都非常熟悉,虽然听不懂也不能准确地拼写,但能模仿其发音,这就算达到“完全听到”的程度了。
也有人主张应该配合相关教材听磁带,但这样做只能确认单词的拼法,几乎不能奢求其它任何效果。虽然能解决一时的问题,但对培养听力反而是不利的。
由于人们的五官在同时运动而产生功能(听觉、视觉、触觉、味觉、嗅觉)时会互相妨碍,所以它们不能完全发挥各自本身的功能。
闭着眼睛欣赏音乐感觉更好,闭着眼睛接吻更加使人陶醉,而捂着耳朵看恐怖电影效果就会大打折扣,原因都在于此。
☆结论
总之,第一阶段是全身心投入地熟悉英语发音的过程。在这一阶段千万不要期望任何其它效果或为此而辅以其它方法,也不要翻阅相关教材。
就是说,除了培养听力外,不要奢求别的什么。在这一点上磁带的种类或水平其实是次要的。不管是什么样的磁带,只要是英语磁带就行。但为了下一个阶段的学习,最好选择与自己的水平和目的相适应的磁带。
◆◆再次透视第 1 阶段
1.第 1 阶段的结束时间自己来掌握
如果某一天自己突然能够听清每个单词,长句子也能毫不费力地跟听下去,第 1阶段就可以结束了。所谓听不清的部分到最终也没有听清,几乎大部分都是因为总试图去了解其含义的缘故。若并非如此,那就是总想到单词的拼写方法,如果克服了上述两种情形,“某一天突然”的现象肯定会来到的。
2.选择适合自己水平的磁带实际上并不是必须的
婴儿出生后开始听母语时,并不是靠区分用语的难易程度来学说话的。就像小孩子不管水平高低、说话快慢,只是无意识地听就学会说话一样,无论听什么样的磁带从原则上讲都是可以的。若所选的磁带略低于自己的水平,则很快产生成就感并感到有意思;若所选的磁带高于自己的水平,虽然会花费较长的时间,但会取得突飞猛进的效果。所以,建议那些希望在toeic、toefl 考试中取得骄人成绩的读者朋友使用相应考试的模拟考试磁带进行联系,那些为参加各种国家考试而学习英语的读者朋友们使用 toefl听力磁带进行练习。
3.中途休息的情况
重新听一遍开始时听的磁带,如果能够毫不费力地听到磁带的内容,就用另外的新磁带重新开始第一阶段;如果连第 1盘磁带的内容都不能完全听到的话,则重新再听一次。不应连续休息一周以上,若超过这个期限,放弃是不足为奇的。
4.真的只用 1 盘磁带就行了
如果到了查 1 盘磁带中的生词的第 3阶段,会有一连串的生词出现在词典的解释或例句中,接二连三地查下去的话,无论如何也得把英英词典翻个大半。当然是在听完几盘后进入第 2阶段更好,因为越是耳濡目染,语言就越能飞速提高。
5.无论怎样也有听不清的部分之时
这样说的人很可能是还没有改掉“翻译”的习惯。因为声音都能听得到,只是能否辨别连音、略音等细微语音差别的问题。只要耳朵调整好了,声音都能听得到,越听越能区分出认识的和不认识的单词,但不要管它。一旦开始不知不觉地意识到这一点,听声音的能力将就此停止发展。主张自己懂多少就听到多少的人肯定是在不知不觉地翻译,说懂了的部分是已经经过翻译了的句子,而大部分可能是用韩国语思维理解的。那些在听的过程中自然领会到文意的人,才是在听力练习中成功的人。
6.中断后重来的情况
试着重新听以前的磁带,如果跟以前的感觉差不多,就继续下去,反正,在第 1阶段里集中地听很重要。不然的话,就会由于大脑中语言自行领悟的机制没有积累起足够的激活能量而起不到效果,当然“干听”也是有效果的,但进步会很慢。在外国当地生活的侨胞们,由于平时经常听到周围人说英语,听力比在韩国本土生活的人要好得多。因此他们当中的很多人对于日常生活所需用语都能听得懂,只是听不懂新闻之类的较高层次的对话罢了。要是系统地学习英语的话,他们的英语水平会突飞猛进的。
7.与妨碍听力之事“断绝关系”
认为用录像带进行第一阶段的听力练习说不定效果会更佳的想法是错误的,如果视觉和听觉同时工作,由于存在着干扰现象,两个感官功能都会下降。只要听力过关,与视觉并行而来的功能低下现象很快就可克服,如果看有字幕的录像带,就功亏一篑了。
完成第二阶段:听读并举 掌握语法
第二阶段的七个要领
第一,把已经能完全听清的磁带中的第1盘磁带再找出来。
第二,听写这盘磁带的内容。
第三,做听写练习时,一句一句地听。即:听完一句后,先按暂停,把刚才听到的写下来,反复听,直到完全听清这句为止。不会的单词根据发音大致拼写出来即可。
第四,听写完整盘磁带的所有内容后,用英英词典确认不会的单词的拼写是否正确(知道其意当然好,不知道也不要紧)。
第五,按这种方法听写完整盘磁带的内容后,尽量模仿磁带的发音和语调,从头到尾大声朗读(不满意的部分要再听一遍磁带重新朗读)。
第六,感觉到所有的句子都已经能朗朗上口以后,便结束这一阶段。
第七,整个过程中,每个星期要有1天与英语完全隔绝。
◆◆牢记诀窍之二
1.听写第一阶段第一盘磁带的内容
这里所说的听写为的是熟悉英文句子,因而要求每听一句话就要试着写出来。学过英语的人可能都有个这样的经历;跟美国人交谈的时候,开始多少能听清点儿内容,但聊的时间一长,就几乎听不清对方说的是什么了。这也许是因为习惯了短句的原因,但归根结底还是因为没有丢掉将精力过分集中于单词的坏习惯。
也就是说,一两个生词完全搅乱了整个思维。在想那个单词究竟是什么意思同时,就根本听不清对方下面说的是什么内容了。当你能够熟练地听写句子后,自然而然地就具备了区分重要单词与不太重要单词的能力。
需要注意的是,听一遍写一个单词,再听一遍再写一个单词的方法是不可取的。必须首先听完一句话能记住多少就先写多少,然后再注意听一遍没听清楚或只是大致写下来的单词。在这时候也要注意,不能看着已经写下的部分听写,要一直眼望空中或闭上眼睛去听,然后再写下来。
2,不会的单词要查英英词典
此时查词典的目的只是为了确认如何拼写,并不是为了理解词义。如果明白是什么意思当然更好,但更重要的是使发音和拼写相一致。如果用英英词典实在查不到,也可以借助有关教材。但相关教材一定要在最后时刻再拿出来翻阅。不然的话,就无法了解自己对哪些发音还没有熟练掌握,对哪些发音有听觉误差。
通过查英英词典和再一次听磁带的过程,可避免过于盲目地相信自己的听力。通过这种方法牢记自身听力方面的不足,可避免重复犯同样的发音错误。韩国人最常犯的毛病,即分不清l与r的毛病,也可以通过这个方法得以矫正。
3,从头到尾大声地跟读
在这里最重要的是“大声”和“从头到尾”。大声朗读首先是为了熟悉自己用英语说话时的声音,免得以后被自己说出来的英语吓倒。从头到尾地跟读是为了培养一口气说英文的能力。而且在这个过程中,也可以自然而然地掌握通读能力。应该以模仿准确发音的态度来对待,最好是像做“声音模仿”训练那样。
4,直到能够朗朗上口
朗朗上口指的是发音方面的熟练程度,是指自己确信已经达到了不看也能说得很流利的水平。自我测试的最佳方法是把自己的声音录下来回放。
也许说的时候自我感觉发音很准确,但录下来后回放时,往往会发现很多叫人脸红的发音错误。特别是对于习惯说方言的人,只有录下来再听一遍才能认识到这些错误。发现的不足部分应该集中攻克,反复练习,争取矫正。然后,再次录下来进行比较,你会发现进步是很显着的。
☆总结
第二阶段应该只使用第一阶段听过的磁带。有些 因为第二阶段的目的并不在于使发音和拼写相一致。
这一阶段对于熟悉应该以什么样的语气说话、应该怎样连接句子和句子并使语调得以形成来说是必需的一个阶段,是习惯说英语的过程。
自己的英语发音达到非常接近美式发音的程度时才算大功告成。只有这样才能树立起说英语的自信心,因为这时你已经对自己的发音并不觉得陌生,而且感觉有点儿像那么回事了。
◆◆重新透视第 2 阶段
1.听写练习达到能够把听到的朗读出来的程度就行了
既然是听到什么写什么,就不用担心拼法是不是错了,到了下一阶段自然会改正过来。就像我们现在能够准确使用小时候总是发错音或听不对的单词一样,英语也不例外。若把“international”错听成“innernational”又不知道正确的拼法的话,写成“innernational”也无妨。这里再次说明的是,做《千万别学英语》的听写练习等于编写英语脚本。
2.听写和朗读的顺序由自己来决定
听写完全部内容后开始朗读或听写 1 小时,朗读 1小时都可以。反正不论听写还是模仿声音都要反复听磁带。因此,可 在听的过程中,如果听到的内容和自己编写的脚本不一致,脚本便得到修改;通过将自己的录音与原版磁带相对照,自己发音的固定误区也得以发现。若无法判断自己的发音何处不足,给朋友听自己的录音,或许它能为你指点迷津。
3.声音模仿是必需的
这是熟悉在第 1阶段没有把握的发音的惟一方法。在模仿的过程中,突然有一天你会发现混读为一体的发音清晰地离解出来。要想着去原样模仿他们说话的方式、速度及话中所蕴含的情感等。只有这样才能自然而然地熟悉他们呼吸的长短、声音的高低、这就是口语的基础。
4.绝对不要在语法上计较
造句之时会习惯上讲究语法,但这样的话学习英语的努力就又会功亏一篑了,像婴儿那样蒙混过关吧。用《千万别学英语》中介绍的方法掌握英语要在认真地坚持了 5个阶段以后,一分耕耘,一分收获,那时你的英语水平将会水到渠成。你可以无需字幕地欣赏精彩电影和电视,毫不费力地浏览网络信息,但英语水平能否继续提高将依个人已有的文化水平和是否继续吸收英语语言的精华而定。
突破第三阶段:跃跃欲说 出口成章
第三阶段的七个要领
第一,用英英词典查以前做听写练习时不懂的单词。
第二,把单词的解释和例句记下来,若这其中还有不懂的单词的话,继续查词典。
第三,查词典要坚持查到没有不懂的单词为止。
第四,大约查1个小时后,暂停查词典,并大声朗读通过查词典整理出的内容。
第五,朗读约1个小时后结束。
第六,每周要歇1天。
第七,查在原文和单词解释中出现的所有不懂的单词,并一直朗读到完全吃透解释和例句为止。
◆◆牢记诀窍之三
1.追根究底地查词典
在本阶段重要的是多查词典。不仅是完全不懂的单词要查,似懂非懂的单词或虽然明白什么意思、但不清楚在句中的具体用法的单词(例如,term)也要查。
例liquor: in american english, alcoholic drink such as whisky, vodka, andgin can be referred to as liguor. the british term is spirits.
the room was filled with cases of liquor. a liquor store. intoxicatingliquors.
查完记下来后,把不懂的单词一一标出来,然后按先后顺序再查一遍。
刚开始时,也许看英文解释非常陌生,根本看不进去,但随着重复的单词和句子越来越多,总有一天你会突然发觉什么都能理解了。没有亲身经历的人,很难相信会发生这种现象。但重要的是,笔者所说的是事实。
选择什么样的英英词典也是一个重要的问题。虽然市面上的大部分英英词典都还可以用,但最好还是选择像上面提到的有例子的词典(collins cobuildenglish dictionary——作者注),即根据各种情景一一举例说明的词典。
由于此类词典不单单解释单词本身,而且对各种用法也一一举例做了说明,所以可以作为造句练习的很好素材,可谓一举两得。
如果从某一天开始觉得单词解释中出现的单词都已查过一遍的话,那么基本上就可以结束本阶段,开始下一阶段了。
大多数人到了这种程度以后,只要继续大声朗读,头脑中就能马上非常清晰地浮现出相应的英文解释了。
2.注意事项
在这一阶段,人们心里最担心的是,这样做下去可能连一个单词也没法真正掌握。
在没有真正掌握一个单词的情况下,还要不停地查词典、记录、大声朗读,稍有怀疑也是无可厚非的。那让我们再回头看看这一诀窍的原理吧。
这与小孩从开始接触语言或熟练掌握语言,在方法和原则上应该是相同的。就是不管懂不懂,接触到什么就接收什么,之后在不知不觉间就能领会了。但对很多人来说,想放弃这种方法的念头会日益强烈,因为都知道只要打开英韩词典,难题就会迎刃而解。
但如果这样做的话,你就永远都不能摆脱英语—韩国语—英语的恶性机械循环。而且,这种方法与本诀窍比起来,在效率上肯定无法相提并论,因为靠这种方法,只能了解一个英语单词的意思。因而即使需要较长的时间,也绝不能放弃使用英英词典。
因为通过这种方法,需要记满一个笔记本也好,需要花费两三个月的时间也好,反正总有一天你不仅能了解单词的含义,而且连书面语体的句子形式也能熟练掌握了。这样的话,语法也能在不知不觉中领会,因为语法就是约定俗成的造句的规则,句子熟悉了,语法自然就能掌握了。
☆显着的变化
完成第三阶段,人们将感觉到无需再查词典了,因为已经具备了丰富的词汇。同时对每个词汇的用法也轻车熟路,所以,也就等于掌握了句子的组织和构思能力。总之,如果通过英英词典掌握词汇,就能自然而然地掌握英语。
◆◆再次透视第 3 阶段
1.不间断地去查
要一直查到觉得已经把整个词典都翻遍了为止,以那样的态度去做的话就不会着急了。要持有一边认认真真地写一边确认拼写,以标准的发音去流畅地朗读的态度。把整本辞典全抄下来朗读之后自然理解其含义的时刻仍未到来的可能性几乎为零。
2.哪怕是稍有疑心的单词也要统统查一下
对于那些虽然能以韩语理解其意思,但对在句子中是如何使用却并不清楚的单词,要全部查一下。如果是通过英韩辞典掌握其含义的。这种情况就会经常发生,但哪怕只有一点疑虑,也要查一下看看。只有那样才能树立起信心,也才能为某一天突然理解不认识的单词打下基础。
3.原原本本地吸收
在朗读解释和例句的时候不要计较语法。只要努力地去朗读就可以了。在这样做的同时,试试看是否能够推测出其意思,但要抱着即使无法领会其涵义也无所谓的态度去做。较之而言,更应该多注意一下单词是以何种方式组合在一起的,这些上口了,就能自然地转化为语法能力。
4.就像说话一样去朗读
collins辞典中出现的解释即使照搬到口语会话中也是很好的句子。以向某人说明单词一样的感觉,如表演一般去朗读,例文也要像叙述故事似的去读,只有如此才能达到说话练习的效果。
5.将英语广播当作背景音乐
担心听力退步的人可以把电视或者收音机中的英文广播当作背景音乐开着,其他人这样做也是好的。再强调一次,接触英语的机会自然是越多越好。
6.顺序和时间并不太重要
查 1 小时朗读 1 小时,查 2 小时朗读 1 小时,或者查 1 小时朗读 2 小时等方法都可以。重要的只是要多查多读。
7.消除对发音的忧虑
在第 4阶段看录像的时候,通过熟悉他们的嘴形最终可以达到矫正发音的效果,所以没有为此担心的必要。美国幼儿并不是学了发音方法之后英语发音才变好的,他们只是通过模仿大人们的口形去熟悉发音的。但如果你还是担心发音的话当然也可以去学一下发音方法,只需要一天就足够了。哪怕只是学一下r,l,th,sh,/e/,/ae/等等的嘴形和舌头的动作,也可以通过练习达到立竿见影的效果。
征服第四阶段:自我领悟 无典自通
录音机(audio)与录像机(video)的结合
第四阶段的四个要领
第一,准备1盘录像带。
第二,带上耳机,每天看1遍。
第三,能够完全听清之后,便开始听写、朗读。
第四,将不清楚的单词,利用英英词典查找并朗读。
◆◆重新透视第4 阶段
1.留心出场人物的表情和身体动作,如果能模仿出来的话就更好了
说话时候的嘴形、头部动作、手势、肩部动作等根据话的内容而特定的形体语言是有效地进行意思传达的不错的辅助手段。和我国人不同,罗马字母文化圈的人们普遍的比较习惯于此。如果你能够熟悉这些,那么和他们的对话当然就会更容易,虽然刚开始时非常别扭,但习惯了以后,甚至会发生刚开始还没意识到要说什么话时动作就已经做出来了,于是话语才跟着出来的现象。即使不能理解话的意思,只通过表情和动作来推测的能力自然也会日新月异。
2.注意看各个场面的角角落落
电影的每个场面都浸入了摄影监督和导演无比缜密的心血。一个小物品,照明的角度、服饰、随身佩物等一切的一切,都反映了影片的时代背景,并起到突出那个场面所要反映的意向的作用,所以那些东西虽然微不足道,却成为窥视整个文化的切入点。还有,通过那些还能再稍微找回一些因在电影院看字幕而失却的“看电影的乐趣”。
3.第1 盘录像带一定要完全咀嚼透彻
只有第一盘做到完美,以后的录像带进行起来才会越来越容易。由于是视频和音频的第一次结合,视觉与听觉互相干涉的现象会很严重,在确实觉得眼睛和耳朵已经能够做到泾渭分明互不干扰之前,要刻意反复再反复的看和听。惟有如此,才能使以后的听写、朗读和查英英辞典轻松自如。
4.按照从普通到特别的顺序来
家庭剧,爱情剧,法制电影,侦探电影,惊险片,恐怖片,科幻片,这样的顺序是比较适当的。刚开始的三类要集中多看。即使是同一类别,主题思想也是千差万别的,所以多多接触各种各样的影片才能对英语圈文化普遍的特性有一个比较整体的了解。看电影到一定程度以后,在下一阶段看看afkn的系列剧和脱口秀节目也是不错的。那,再以后应该看什么呢?到了那种境地自然就会知道了
攀登第五阶段:文化融通 渐入佳境
水到渠成的英语
第五阶段的六个要领
第一,准备1张最近的英文原版报纸(在美国发行的报纸)。
第二,从社会版面挑选一篇短文章(1-2分钟就能念完的),然后大声朗读。必须坚持到完全消化为止,就好像自己成了新闻主持人一样。
第三,当确信自己不看原文也可以记住文章内容时,把它像讲一个故事一样绘声绘色地复述下来。
第四,能够流利地诵读时,再选第二篇文章,重复上面所讲的方法。
第五,看完一个版面后,就像第三阶段那样处理不认识的单词。
第六,把报纸上广告,名人访谈、漫画等所有的内容,都按上述方法加以学习。