在平时的学习、工作或生活中，大家都写过作文吧，作文是从内部言语向外部言语的过渡，即从经过压缩的简要的、自己能明白的语言，向开展的、具有规范语法结构的、能为他人所理解的外部语言形式的转化。那么你有了解过作文吗？
一、开头万能公式一：名人名言
有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”很好办：编！
原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？
经典句型：
A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）
更多经典句型：
As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
二、开头万能公式二：数字统计
原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
Honesty
根据最近的。一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
短语修饰语可以是介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语以及独立主格结构。
In front of me stood a beautiful girl.
To pass the exam, the students worked hard.
Confused about the problem, he went to ask for his teacher.
Your homework finished, you may go home.
1、 My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…。 Secondly,…。 Finally,… [常见句型]
2、 If we let the situation go as it is, …。 By that time, …。 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么…… 到那个时候…[比较好的句型]
3、 More and more people are realizing the importance of…[进行时态， more and more比many好]
4、 Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[被动语态，due attention 和be paid to 搭配]
5、 If……， will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。[条件句，反问句]
6、 It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable（希望）/advisable（明智） for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]
7、 enhance the awareness of people that…
8、 The first nut for us to crack is… 我们首先要解决的是……。 [比The first thing we should do is … 句型 高级的。多，精彩的多，生动的多]
9、 sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构， 比sth. be much important好]
If I am free, I will attend your lecture.
Whenever one goes, whatever one does, one needs money.
（1） With the (rapidly) growing popularity of (computers/private cars) in China, the quality of our lives has been considerably changed.
（2） With the (rapid) growth of (our economy/population)， many problems such as (water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management) are beginng to surface
（3） With the development of (science and technology/market economy)， more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that ……
（4） Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures)。
（5） Nowadays, a heated debated/discussion about……is under way in China 。some people believe that ……， whereas others argue that……
（6） There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers)。 To begin with,…… Next,…… Last, …… There are, on the oher hand, many reasons against it. First, …… Second,…… Finally,……
（7） There are many advantanges and disadvantages in (owning a car)。
（8） There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
（9） Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons. The first reason is that …… The second reason is that …… /On the one hand ， …… On the other hand. ……
（10） The possible solutions of (the enery crisis/water shortanges/these social problems) depend on three factors……
（11) The tow major reasons responsible for (the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products ） are……
一、常规开头句型
1.As far as …is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that… 不言而喻，…
3.It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定地说……
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，
5.It has to be noticed that… 它必须注意到，…
6.It's generally recognized that… 它普遍认为…
7.It's likely that … 这可能是因为…
8.It's hardly that… 这是很难的……
9.It's hardly too much to say that… 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是
11.There's no denying the fact that…毫无疑问，无可否认
is more important than the fact that… 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.what's far more important is that… 更重要的是…
二、四级引出开头
1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（ 就我所知…）
2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）
3：Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）
4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）
5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）
6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）
7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）
8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道。.。）
三、高考英语引出开头
Recently, the problem of … has aroused people's concern. 最近，……问题已引起人们的关注。
The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。
Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.
如今，（人口过剩）已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。
It is commonly believed that … / It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为……
Many people insist that … 很多人坚持认为……
With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…
随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为……
A lot of people seem to think that … 很多人似乎认为……
1-1 对立法: 先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，
适用于有争议性的主题。 例如(e.g)
[1]。 When asked about.。.。.， the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that 。.。.。.。 But I think/view a bit differently.
[2]。 When it comes to 。.。. ， some people bielive that 。.。.。.。 Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true 。 There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements ， but （I tend to the profer/latter 。.。）
[3]。 Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that 。.。. They claim/ believe/argue that 。.。 But I wonder/doubt whether.。.。.
1-2 现象法引出要剖析的现象或者问题， 然后评论。 e.g
[1]。 Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) 。.。 has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.
[2]。 Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of 。.。has been brought into focus. （ has been brouth to public attention）
[3]。Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality 。.。 is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
----- To be continued ！
1-3 观点法----开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。 e.g:
[1]。 Never history has the change of 。. been as evident as 。.。 Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of 。. benn more visible/popular than.。.
[2]。 Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.。.
[3]。 Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to.。.。.。Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of 。.。.。.
[4]。 Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.。.。.。.
1-4 引用法----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法， 来引出文章要展开论述的观点！ e.g:
[1]。 "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people 。
"Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.
[2]。"。.。.。.。.。" How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this 。
In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "。.。.。."。
1-5 比较法------ 通过对过去，现在两种不同的倾向，观点的比较， 引出文章要讨论的观点。
e.g:
[1]。 For years, 。.。had been viewed as 。.。 But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing 。.。 ， people 。.。.。.。 。
[2]。 People used to think that 。.。 （In the past, 。.。.） But people now share this new.
1-6 故事法---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣， 引出文章的主题。 e.g:
[1]。 Once in (a newspaper) ， I read of/learnt 。.。. The phenemenon of 。.。 has aroused public concern.
[2]。 I have a friend who 。.。 Should he 。.。. ？ Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.
[3]。 Once upon a time ， there lived a man who 。.。 This story may be (unbelievable) ， but it still has a realistic significance now.
1-8 问题法----- 先用讨论或解答的设问， 引出自己观点， 适用于有争议性的话题。 e.g:
Should/What 。.。.。. ？ Options of 。.。 vary greatly ， some 。.。， others 。.。
But in my opinion ， 。.。.。. 。
Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型 原因结果分析
3-1-1. 基本原因--- 分析某事物时， 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因。
e.g: [1]。 Why 。.。 ？ For one thing.。 For another 。.。
[2]。 The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing.。. For another.。.。.。 Still another 。.。
[3]。 A number of factors ， both physical and psychological affect 。.。. /both individual and social contribute to 。.。.
3-1-2另一原因-------->在分析了基本原因之后， 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用！ e.g:
[1]。 Another important factor is 。.。.
[2]。 。.。 is also responsible for the change/problem.
[3]。 Certainly ， the 。.。 is not the sole reason for 。.。.。
3-1-3后果影响--------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响。 e.g:
[1]。 It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on.。.。
[2]。 In involves some serious consequence for 。.。.。.。.
比较对照句型
3-2-1. 两者比较--->比较两事物， 要说出其一超过另一个， 或肯定一事物的优点， 也肯定其缺点的时候用！ e.g:
[1]。 The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.
[2]。 Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.
[3]。 There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.
1、 some people take it for granted that ？。. in their mind，besides…
一些人认为……是理所当然的，他们认为……。另外……
2 recently，there has been a wave of …
最近，有一股关于……的热潮。
3、 when asked about different people will offer different opinions.
每当被问起……，每个人都有不同的观点。
4 finally succeeded in.。.after many efforts, ？?？will influence." greatly.
终于在不断的努力下取得了在……(上)的成功。…… 会在……上产生深远影响。
5、 everyone wants to be 。.。 ， 。.。 as become much more popular.
每个人都想……。……已经变的更加受欢迎。
6、 the benefits of.。.are numerous.
关于……的好处很多。
7、 nowadays more and more people pay more attention on.。.
最近，越来越多的人开始关注……
8、 some people argue that ？?。while others firmly hold that.。.
一些人争辩……，而另一些人则坚持……
9、 i can^t agree with the statement that.。.
我不支持……的观点。
the contrary, i feel that.。.
相反，我觉得……
and more.。.have regarded the.。.
越来越多的……认为……
12、 what is to account for their enthusiasm for.。.？
是什么说明了他们对……的热情？
13、 nowadays "。may come across the …
现今，……遇到了……问题。
14、 after observation, we can find that it is more complicated than we have thought.
在经过观察之后，我们发现它远比我们想象中的还要 复杂。
15、 when it comes to …some of the people will choose to … while others want to…
当提到……，一些人会选择……而另一些人会想……
16、 according to the 。"so it is …
根据……所以……
17、 it becomes a common tendency these days for people to.。.
人们……已�
18、 many people are opposed to this.。 ？ because they think.。. they also argue that.。.
很多人反对……因为他们认为……。他们同样争论……
19、 it is exciting to.。.
……很兴奋。
20、 today people are so fond of."that…
现在很多人青睐于……
1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（ 就我所知…）
2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）
3：Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的`问题）
4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）
5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）
6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）
The most popular teacher in Neworiental, Ma Zihui, will attend the party.
以单个修饰语作为句子的开头。
这个修饰语可以是形容词、分词或副词。
Young and ambitious,JieYu works hard to teach Englsih.
Secretly, the girl entered the room.
With a book in her hands, Fang Meng talked to a foreigner.
Exhausted, the students reached the top of the mountain.
1.When asked about.。.， the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that …。 But I think/view a bit differently.
2.When it comes to 。.。.， some people believe that…。 Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the former/latter.
3.Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that.。.。. They claim/ believe/argue that 。.。 But I wonder/doubt whether.。.。.
4.Recently the rise in the problem/phenomenon of 。.。 has caused/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.
5.Recently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of 。.。has been brought into focus/into public attention.
6.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality 。.。 is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
7.Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.。.
8.Now there is a(n)growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to.。.。
9.Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of 。.。.
10.Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.。.。
11、"Knowledge is power." This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.
12、"Education is not complete with graduation." This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.
13、"。.。." We often hear statements/words like those/this.
14.We often hear such traditional complains as this "。.。."。
15.For years, 。.。had been viewed as 。.。. But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing 。.。， people 。.。.
16.People used to think that 。.。 （In the past, 。.。.） But people now share this new idea.
1、A case in point is …一个典型的例子是…
2、As is often the case…由于通常情况下…
3、As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述
4、But the problem is not so simpleTherefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
5、But it's a pity that…但遗憾的是…
6、For all that…对于这一切…… In spite of the fact that…尽管事实……
7、Further，we hold opinion that…此外，我们坚持认为，…
8、However，the difficulty lies in…然而，困难在于…
9、Similarly，we should pay attention to…同样，我们要注意…
10、not（that）…but（that）…不是，而是
11、In view of the present station鉴于目前形势
12、As has been mentioned above…正如上面所提到的…
13、In this respect，we may as well（say）从这个角度上我们可以说
14、However，we have to look at the other side of the coin，that is…然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即…
15、I will conclude by saying…最后我要说…
16、Therefore，we have the reason to believe that…因此，我们有理由相信…
17、All things considered，总而言之It may be safely said that…它可以有把握地说……
18、Therefore，in my opinion，it's more advisable…因此，在我看来，更可取的是…
19、From what has been discussed above，we may safely draw the conclusion that…通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
20、The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…通过数据我们得到的结论是，…