在现实生活或工作学习中，大家或多或少都会接触过作文吧，作文一定要做到主题集中，围绕同一主题作深入阐述，切忌东拉西扯，主题涣散甚至无主题。相信写作文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题，
ronaldo luiz nazario de lima was born on 22 september 1976 in a poor suburb of rio de janeiro. like most of his childhood friends, ronaldo began his soccer career playing barefoot in the streets of his neighborhood. at the age of 14, he joined soccer club and only two years later became the star of cruzeiro belo horizonte scoring a total of 58 goals in 60 matches and earning himself a reputation for his explosive pace and outstanding finishing skills. his goal-scoring record and unusual agility led him to be included in the brazilian world cup winning team the following year. after the world cup, many top european football clubs were trying to sign him. many people, including brazilian football legend pelé, referred to him as the most promis footballer of his generation.
since his transfer to dutch team psv eindhoven, ronaldo s biography is one of success after success. two copa américa s, a uefa cup, a dutch cup, a spanish league cup, and two awards as best player in the world, all in the space of two years, are some of ronaldo s impressive achievements. on arrival to inter-milan in 1997, ronaldo became the idol of the local fans who refer to him as "il venomous."
since the 98 world cup he has suffered two serious knee injuries that have severely limited his appearances. just when people began to wonder whether ronaldo would be able to continue with his football career, he proved to the world that he still could play. in the world cup held in korea and japan, the magical striker won the golden shoe award and tied pele s brazilian record for career world cup goals with 12. he helped brazil capture its fifth world cup championship on june 30 with a 2-0 win over germany. it was the third time that ronaldo has ever played in the world cup.
译文
路易斯-罗纳尔多是在1976年9月22日出生在一个贫穷的郊区里约热内卢。像他的大多数童年朋友，罗纳尔多在街道上赤脚踢球，开始了他的足球生涯。14岁时，他加入了圣克里斯托旺足球俱乐部，仅仅两年后成为克鲁塞罗斯贝洛的明星。在60场比赛总进球58个，他的速度和出色的技巧为他自己赢得了声誉。他的进球纪录和不寻常的能力让他入选巴西国家队参加世界杯。世界杯结束之后的一年，许多欧洲顶级足球俱乐部试图签下他。许多人，包括巴西足球传奇人物贝利，称他是同代人中最有希望的球员。
自从转会到荷兰的埃因霍温队，罗纳尔多是一次次的胜利。两次是在哥斯达黎加，一次欧洲足协联盟杯冠军，一次荷兰杯冠军，西班牙联赛杯，两次获得世界最佳球员奖，在短短两年内，都是罗纳尔多实现了成功。在1997年国际米兰，罗纳尔多被当地球迷称为“奇才”。
98年世界杯之后，他经历了两次严重的膝伤已经严重限制了他的比赛。当人们开始怀疑罗纳尔多将能够继续他的足球生涯中，他向全世界证明他仍然可以发挥。在韩国和日本举行的世界杯上，这位神奇的前锋获得金靴奖，并列贝利创造的12世界杯进球纪录职业生涯。在六月三十日第五届世界杯中，他帮助巴西队以2:0战胜德国成为冠军。这是罗纳尔多第三次参加世界杯。
Though we are told that alcohol is dangerous, especially driving a car after drinking alcohol, we can see the news about car accidents because of the driver drinking alcohol everyday, still people ignore the danger of drinking alcohol. Life is precious, no one will take responsibility of our lives except ourselves. Drinking too much will do harm to our body, even if you don’t cherish your life, while when you drive the car after drinking, you will take away other people’s lives. That is unforgivable, people have a happy family, they die because of your careless driving, and you will never have a chance to make up. Our government is very strict to the driver, the law clearly claims that drinking driver will be heavily punished. In order to make sure other people’s safety, we should not drive the car after drinking alcohol, or we ask friends to take us home.
虽然我们被告知酒精很危险，特别是酒后驾车，我们每天都可以起看到喝酒后驾车而引发的车祸，人们仍然无视喝酒的危害。生命是很宝贵的，没有人会对我们的生命负责除了我们自己。过度喝酒会损害我们的身体，即使你不珍惜自己的生命，但是当你酒后驾车，你会危害到别人的生命。这是不可饶恕的，人们本来有一个幸福的家庭，他 我们的政府对司机要求很严格，法律明确规定司机酒驾将会受到严厉的`惩罚。为了确保其他人的安全，我们不应该酒后驾车，或者叫朋友送回家。
假如你是李华，你的父母最近计划生第二胎。给你校的外籍老师Lucy写信谈谈你的看法。
Dear Lucy,
How are you? I’m Li Hua, a student attending your class. I’m writing to share my thoughts on the possible changes that may happen in my family.
Recently, a policy has been put forward to allow couples to have a second child. Therefore, my parents have decided to take it into consideration. To be honest, I feel unsure about this puzzling situation. Undoubtedly, a new addition to our family will bring us happiness. Keeping a brother or sister company will also develop my sense of responsibility. However, what worries me is whether my parents will begin to ignore me. If so, I will be heart-broken. Would you mind sharing your opinions with me?
Best wishes!
Yours ,
Li Hua
Is It The Only Way Out To Go To College
We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college.Views vary from person to person.
The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college.They think it can widen their knowledge and improve their in this way can they find better jobs after graduation.Very few students,that is about ten percent of the students think it no use going university, because the tuition is too high for their family to afford.What’s more, it’s rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs.Thirty percent of the students, however, believe “All roads lead to Rome.” Therefore it doesn’t make any difference whether they go to college or not.
In my opinion, we can receive a better education at college so that we can serve our motherland.
审题细心
审题好比驾驶员打方向，方向对了，哪怕开得慢点，也会顺利到目的地。如果审题不清，书面表达的成绩不知道会有多惨。学生真正开始写作前，必须花相当一部分时间做写前阅读、思考等准备，包含以下四方面：
1)审体裁。根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁文章。
2)审结构。明确开始部分、正文部分和结尾部分，定好段落。
4)审内容。弄清什么必需写，哪些略写，尤其是图画式书面表达，要学会连贯性，读懂图的意思。
5)审人称和时态。弄清书面表达要求用何种人称，根据材料确定短文的基本时态。
衔接流畅
恰当使用逻辑词语，使各要点间连贯，行文通顺。
表并列或递进：and,both…and...,neither…nor,not only…but also...;
表选择：or,either…or;
表转折或让步：but,although,though,however,even though,inspite of,on the contrary;
表对比：like,unlike,while;
表举例：for example,such as,that's to say;
表强调：in fact,of course,besides;
表时间顺序：when,after,before,as soon as,soon，after;
表因果关系：because,since,as,for,for this reason，as a resu<
表结论：in a word,to sum up,in summary,in conclusion,on the whole.
短语地道
如果能多用短语，则可回避书面表达中的中式英语，同时也能减少错误几率。尤其在考试时，如果使用短语，会使文章增加亮点。
句式丰富
一篇可读性强的文章，通常能较好体现学生对英语语言结构、词块、句式的运用。因此各类句式的多元呈现往往可以提升书面表达的成绩。
初中阶段英语写作常用的句式如下：There be…;the more…the more…;It’s adj for sb to do something;I think/believe/suppose…(宾从);It can’t be put into realexperiment.(被动)等。
尤其是复合句的适恰运用对提升文章的层次很有帮助。对大多数同学来说，仿写很重要，在教材和很多的阅读书籍中都蕴含着丰富的好词佳句。
情感真实
同样的话题，有些文章没什么情感，冷冰冰；有些文章很有温度，有真情实感。
情感真实主要可通过如下方法实现：
1)内容的呈现。
比如：在书面表达My dream中，大部分的作文都还是停留在表面上。但这个例子：I want to be a good father because my daddy was always so busy when Iwas a little boy.He had no time with me and my mum…虽然文章的文采并不是很好，但很有真情实感，令读者有心动的感觉，也是好文章。
2)副词的运用。
在句子的某些位置，添加副词，可以使句子和文段更有人性味，更有情感性。如：Ireallyenjoythebeautyoftheseainthesun.加了一个really，就有丰富了。
思维多元
从近五年中考书面表达命题情况看，书面表达话题虽多元，但在设题上基本为半开放形式，因此半控制部分学生需要涵盖题目所给信息并进行适当发挥，而半开放部分，则要求学生根据话题内容、自己的生活阅历、个人思维层次结合自己的英语表述自己的个人看法。
有些学生的英语水平比较好，
要善于模仿
一些同学的办法往往是背一堆范文，然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作，真正的模仿重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上，而非个别的词汇。有一个句式说：“…for the simple reason that…”表示某种现象的原因是什么，用在高考写作中，我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在中国如此的流行：“The bicycle is very popular in China for the simple reason that…”。然而，很多同学一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”。如果要表示“总是能够”的概念，很多同学提笔就会写can always，但理想的句子应该是用双重否定表示强烈的肯定，用never fail to。
要灵活变通
在批改过上万份同学们英语作文中，经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。有一句话叫做“立志如山，行道如水”，写英文作文，一定要有决心把它 写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决问题。有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议 的招待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译：“What is it made of”本来是非常简单的一个问题，结果翻译太紧张，忘了“egg”这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：“It is made of Miss Hen’s son.”这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。
要细心观察
注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。比如在正式文体的写作中，很少用 “it isn’t”这样的略缩形式，而往往是一板一眼地写作 “it is not”。同理，在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写，阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。
许多同学在写作文时，习惯于把“since”“because” “for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上，在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中，这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外， “and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头，表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实，经常留心地道的英语文章能发现，如果是并列关系，完全可以不用连词；如果是递进关系，用“furthermore” “what is more”更为普遍。
要心有全局
英文写作如果结构意识良好，应试写作就简化成为一个填空的过程了，适当地填入观点、素材，文章就自然而然立起来了。
同学们要牢记英语写作的基本要领，特编顺口溜如下：细审题，巧构思，列要点，防遗漏。写日记，同汉语；书信，通知格式要牢记。看清图表细梳理，写人记事按顺序；完稿后查遗漏，整洁干净莫忘记。