有些东西真的很无聊，很浪费时间。
The new year's Eve (including Ireland, and Welsh) in the ancient Western European countries (including Ireland, Scotland and), the new year's Eve, the Celtics (local people) so that the young people set team, wearing a variety of strange masks, carrying a good radish lamp (ancient Western Europe, the earliest no pumpkins), walk in the village.
The celebration of the autumn harvest is named for "Halloween", legend died that year, the soul will be at Halloween, visit the world, said that people should be let to visit the ghost to see a successful harvest, to the ghost and present a hearty welcome. In order to frighten away the ghost, but also for the ghost light line, to guide their return.
万圣节由来介绍
万圣节（all saints' day）在每年的11月1日，是西方传统节日。10月31日被称为万圣节前夕（halloween）。中国国内直接用“万圣节”指“万圣节前夜”，而用“万灵节”或“诸圣节”表示11月1日的万圣节。 万圣节源自古代凯尔特民族（celtic）的新年节庆，此时也是祭祀亡魂的时刻，在避免恶灵干扰的同时，也以食物祭拜祖灵及善灵以祈平安渡过严冬
每年的10月31日是西方传统节日万圣节前夜（halloween），当晚小孩会穿上化妆服，戴上面具，挨家挨户收集榶果。
华中最盛大鬼怪大巡游——“幽灵盛典大巡游”；鬼门大开之时“百鬼夜行”惊悚上演
节日主要流行于英语界，如不列颠群岛和北美，其次是澳大利亚和新西兰。当天主教传教士登陆不列颠诸岛的时候，传教士们为了压制这种被他们视为异端的德鲁伊传统，就把这一天之后的11月第一天定为万圣节，纪念天主教的圣人们，希望以此打压这些鬼怪观念，所以说是先有鬼节，后有万圣节。 其中，美国的万圣节前夕传统最初来自于爱尔兰和苏格兰的移民，于19世纪传入。而其他发达国家则于20世纪末受美国流行文化影响而开始庆祝万圣节前夕。
万圣节源自古代凯尔特民族(celtic)的新年节庆，此时也是祭祀亡魂的时刻，在避免恶灵干扰的同时，也以食物祭拜祖灵及善灵以祈平安渡过严冬。当晚小孩会穿上化妆服，戴上面具，挨家挨户收集糖果，
10月31日是西方的鬼节，而不是万圣节，这是最初译者以讹传讹，流传至今。人们在鬼节这天吃南瓜饼、化装、戴假面具，尤其在晚上恶作剧；孩子们会挨家挨户敲门，问主人trick or treat? ”倘若主人拿出糖果招待，就开心离去，假如拿不出糖果就会被孩子们恶搞一通。 10月31日除了是鬼节外，还是宗教改革运动纪念日。
篇十：万圣节简介
1.halloween的由来
在西方国家，每年的10月31日，有个“halloween”，辞典解释为“the eve of all saints’day”，中文译作：“万圣节之夜”。万圣节是西方国家的传统节日。这一夜是一
年中最“闹鬼”的一夜，所以也叫“鬼节”。随着时间的流逝，万圣节的意义逐变得含有喜
庆的意味。因此现在象征万圣节的妖怪及图画，都变成了可爱又古灵精怪的模样， 如番瓜妖怪、巫婆等。喜爱发挥创意的美国人，在这一天则极尽所能的将自己打扮得鬼模鬼样，让鬼节变得趣味多了。这一夜，我们要尽情的打扮自己直到让他人认不出。
2、不给糖就捣乱trick-or-treat的由来
万圣夜的主要活动是“不给糖就捣乱”trick-or-treating
小孩装扮成各种恐怖样子，逐门逐户按响邻居的门铃，大叫:"trick or treat!" （意即不请客就捣乱），主人家（可能同样穿着恐怖服装）便会拿出一些糖果、巧克力或是小礼物。部分家庭甚至使用声音特效和制烟机器营造恐怖气氛。小孩一晚取得的糖果往往以袋计算，整袋整袋的搬回家。
“tricke or treat”游戏起源于爱尔兰。古代的爱尔兰异教徒相信，在万圣节前夜鬼魂会
群集于居家附近，并接受设宴款待。因而，在“宴会”结束后，村民们就自己扮成鬼魂精灵，
游走村外，引导鬼魂离开，避邪免灾。同时村民们也都会在屋前院后的摆放些水果及其他食
品，喂足鬼魂，使它们不会伤害人类和动物、或者掠夺其他收成。后来这一习俗一直延续下
来，就成了孩子们取笑不慷慨之商家或家庭的“trick or treat”游戏。
在苏格兰，小孩要糖果时会说
:"the sky is blue, the grass is green, may we have our halloween."
（天是蓝色，草是绿色，齐来庆祝万圣节前夜），然后以唱歌跳舞等表演来博 得糖果。
3、南瓜雕空当灯笼的故事
这又是源于古代爱尔兰。
故事是说一个名叫jack的人，是个醉汉且爱恶作剧。一天 jack 把恶魔骗上了树，随即在树桩上刻了个十字，恐吓恶魔令他不敢下来，然后 jack 就与恶魔约法三章，让恶魔答应施让 jack 永远不会犯罪为条件让他下树。 jack 死后，其灵魂却既不能上天又不能下地狱，
于是他的亡灵只好靠一根小蜡烛照着指引他在天地之间倘佯。在古老的爱尔兰传说里，这根小蜡烛是在一根挖空的萝卜里放着，称作“jack lanterns”，而古老的萝卜灯演变到今天，则是南瓜做的 jack-o-lantern 了。据说爱尔兰人到了美国不久，即发现南瓜不论从来源和雕刻来说都比萝卜胜一筹，于是南瓜就成了万圣节的宠物。
All Hallows' Eve falls on 31 October each year, and is the day before All Hallows Day.
万圣夜是每年的10月31日，是在万圣节的前一天。
halloween是什么意思：
n. 万圣节前夕
This year Halloween is strictly for the birds.
今年万圣节完全成了鸟的天下。
And an old troll wish you a Happy Halloween!
以及淘气的老侏儒都在祝你万圣节快乐！
I'm going as a zombie for Halloween.
我万圣节要扮成僵尸。
Halloween celebrations would start in October in every elementary school.
在小学校里，万圣节是每年十月份开始庆祝的。
Masks worn on holidays such as Halloween and Mardi Gras signal festivity and license.
节日里戴的面具，比如万圣节或者四旬斋前的最后一天所戴的面具是一种庆祝和许可的表示。
One kind of halloween mischief
一种万圣节的恶作剧。
I'm going as a zombie for Halloween.
我万圣节要扮成僵尸。
Halloween celebrations would start in October in every elementary school.
在小学校里，万圣节是每年十月份开始庆祝的。
halloween celebrations would start in October in every elementary school
在小学校里，万圣节是每年十月份开始庆祝的。
This year Halloween is strictly for the birds.
今年万圣节完全成了鸟的天下。
Children would make halloween decorations, all kinds of orange-paper jack-o-lanterns.
孩子们会制作万圣节的装饰品：各种各样桔黄色的南瓜灯。
Children would make halloween decorations, all kinds of orange-paper jack-o-lanterns
孩子们会制作万圣节的装饰品：各种各样桔黄色的南瓜灯。
November first is All Saints' Day, a holy day for Roman Catholics.
11月1日是万圣节，对于罗马天主教徒来说是非常神圣的日子。
President George W. Bush, who was spending Halloween at his Texas ranch, has never reported seeing a ghost, Walters said
沃尔特说，布什总统的万圣节是在德克萨斯的农场度过的，他从未听布什总统说起过撞到鬼。
Masks worn on holidays such as Halloween and Mardi Gras signal festivity and license.
Along with the celebration of Halloween itself, the traditional Halloween symbols (witches, black cats, pumpkins, ghosts, candles, masks, etc.), found their way to the U.S. during the late 1800s.
In 1848, the potato famine sent millions of Irish immigrants streaming into America, bringing with them a new culture and customs.
In the manner of their Celtic ancestors, they celebrated Halloween, calling it Oidche Shamhna ('Night of Samhain'), and kept up the traditional observances associated with it.
Jack-o-lantern：
The jack-o-lantern has been an indispensable part of the Halloween tradition since the Victorian era, thanks again to our Irish friends.
On Halloween, jack-o-lanterns carved into a scary or funny face with a lighted candle placed inside, are set out on porches or placed in windows, but where once they were created in the hope of frightening away evil spirits that were on the prowl, now they are just a part of the celebration.
Originally, back on their home turf, the Irish would carve out turnips or beets to use as lanterns and use a burning lump of coal or a candle to light them.
Here in America, however, turnips weren't as easy to come by, but there were pumpkins aplenty.
So they substituted pumpkins and discovered that they served the purpose quite nicely.
While there are many legends pertaining to the origin of the Jack-o-lantern, one of the most widely accepted is that of "Stingy Jack."
An Irishman known as a drunken trickster, Jack wound up on the wrong side of both God and the devil. Upon his death his soul was forbidden to enter either heaven or hell and so was doomed to wander the earth in eternal darkness forever.
On his endless travels he carries a turnip with a burning coal to light his way. Fearing this unsavory character, the Irish of old would put jack-o-lanterns on prominent display around their homes on All Hallow's Eve, the purpose being that should Jack happen by, hopefully he would take the light instead of harming the occupants of the house.
Black Cats：
Throughout history black cats have been considered to be spiritual animals by many peoples.
Some have worshiped them believing they have the ability to see spirits. Others have believed them to be reincarnated beings who could predict the future. Over the centuries black cats have also been much maligned.
It was believed that witches owned black cats because they were able to assist them in performing their witchcraft and because they sensed a kindred spirit of darkness within these animals.
During the Middle Ages black cats were feared because it was believed that witches could turn themselves into black cats. Whenever a black cat was seen it was avoided at all costs because it was perceived to be a witch in disguise.
Unfortunately for them, during this time black cats were regularly hunted down and burned alive.
Bats：
Since bats are creepy nocturnal creatures, it's not surprising that they became known as omens of bad luck or evil but there is more to the story concerning their association with Halloween.
The origins of the fear of bats began with the belief that they could communicate with the spirits of the dead, making their link to Halloween seem perfectly natural.
As if to confirm this theory, in ancient times when Halloween was celebrated with huge bonfires it was a guarantee that bats would make an appearance, as if drawn by supernatural forces.
Actually this was a result of the many mosquitoes that would congregate around the fires, providing an easy snack for the bats who would swoop down and snatch them out of the air.
In addition, there was the widely held belief that vampires and witches could transform themselves into bats.
Incidentally, the vampire bat is the only mammal that feeds on blood, thus linking bats to death and sealing their fate as terrifying creatures of the night.
Witches：
Witches and witchcraft go hand-in-hand with Halloween. The image of a witch in black pointed hat riding a broomstick across the night sky is branded in every child's imagination.
In ancient times it was widely believed that witches were able to see the future and to cast spells, both good and bad.
This naturally made people fear and loath them. Since it was believed that supernatural powers were at their peak on Halloween night, it has caused witches to be forever associated with that time of year.
What made things worse for witches was a belief that flourished in the Middle Ages. With Halloween already considered a frightening time, people developed a belief in the existence of a cult of witches who worshiped Satan.
They held meetings at certain times of the year called Witches Sabbaths, and the most important of these was on All Hallows' Eve.
It was then that the Prince of Darkness, old Satan himself would appear to his loyal followers.
Ghosts：
The connection of ghosts with Halloween evolved with the ancient Celts, who celebrated Samhain -- the festival of the dead -- on the eve of their new year which began November 1st.
Their belief held that spirits of the dead could return to earth as the boundaries between the lands of the living and the dead were blurred during this time.
So it seems only right that ghosts became an integral part of Halloween.
Apples：
Apparently the reason for the custom of ducking, dooking or bobbing for apples -- attempting to bite an apple floating in a bucket of water, or hanging from a string -- was that if a person managed to get a bite from an apple they would have good fortune.
For unmarried people, the first person to take a bite out of an apple was considered to be the next to marry.
Also, peeling an apple and tossing the peel over your shoulder was supposed to reveal the initial of one's future spouse.
Masks and Costumes：
The custom of wearing costumes, although done in a more cheerful manner nowadays, originated with the Celts.
While celebrating Samhain the Celts would wear costumes made from animal skins.
This was in accordance with their belief that during this time the veil between the world of the dead and earth was at its thinnest and, ancestral spirits, or ghosts could roam freely here on earth.
They hoped that the costumes would make them appear dead to avoid being harassed by these spirits.
Wearing costumes and masks for Halloween became popular here in America in the early 1900s.
Stores began carrying Halloween costumes in the 1950s when trick-or-treating became popular throughout the United States.
篇四：万圣节 介绍
Halloween
All Hallow E'en
The Eve of All Hallows
Hallow e'en
the eve of All Saintas' Day
每年的10月31日是西方传统节日万圣节前夜(Halloween)，当晚小孩会穿上化妆服，戴上面具，挨家挨户收集榶果。节日主要流行于英语界，如不列颠群岛和北美，其次是澳大利亚和新西兰。
halloween是什么意思：
n. 万圣节前夕
This year Halloween is strictly for the birds.
今年万圣节完全成了鸟的天下。
And an old troll wish you a Happy Halloween!
以及淘气的老侏儒都在祝你万圣节快乐！
I'm going as a zombie for Halloween.
我万圣节要扮成僵尸。
all是什么意思：
adj. 一切的，所有的；整个的；各种的
pron. 一切；全部；大家，全体
n. 全部财产；所有一切
adv. 完全地；极其
The policy of burn all,kill all,loot all
三光政策
It is all on the house.
费用全由敝店支付。
(all) in a twitter
(极度) 紧张[兴奋],激动
hallow是什么意思：
v. 使。神圣，把…视为神圣
They hallow the buffalo.
他们把水牛视为神圣。
The document inshrined the hallowed principle of
这份文件把“同等安全”视若神圣原则。
All Hallows' Eve falls on 31 October each year, and is the day before All Hallows Day.
万圣夜是每年的10月31日，是在万圣节的前一天。
Halloween, or Hallowe’en, is a holiday celebrated on the night of October 31.
Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, ghost tours, bonfires, costume parties, visiting "haunted houses", carving Jack-o'-lanterns, reading scary stories and watching horror movies.
Irish immigrants carried versions of the tradition to North America in the nineteenth century.
Other western countries embraced the holiday in the late twentieth century. Halloween is celebrated in several countries of the Western world, most commonly in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Ireland, Puerto Rico, Japan, New Zealand, and occasionally in parts of Australia. In Sweden the All Saints' official holiday takes place on the first Saturday of November.
Halloween has its origins in the ancient Celtic festival known as Samhain. The festival of Samhain is a celebration of the end of the harvest season in Gaelic culture, and is sometimes regarded as the "Celtic New Year".
Traditionally, the festival was a time used by the ancient pagans to take stock of supplies and slaughter livestock for winter stores.
The ancient Gaels believed that on October 31, now known as Halloween, the boundary between the alive and the deceased dissolved, and the dead become dangerous for the living by causing problems such as sickness or damaged crops.
The festivals would frequently involve bonfires, into which bones of slaughtered livestock were thrown.
Costumes and masks were also worn at the festivals in an attempt to mimic the evil spirits or placate them.
reation directors help plan the party, but the young people themselves take charge of the entertainment and the decorations — a necessary part of halloween. dried corn stalks, pumpkin faces, and piles of apples create the harvest atmosphere; and cutouts of witches on their brooms, goblins, ghosts and black cats symbolize the witchcraft aspect of the holiday. the freshments — apple cider, popcorn and pumpkin pie, and witches made of spicy ginger cookies — also carry out both themes.
there is an occasional adult halloween dance in a bright orange and black setting, with paper-made black cats, witches and grinning skeletons floating above the dance floor. but halloween has become mainly a young people‘s holiday — and the younger the child the more exciting he finds it.
你了解万圣节的由来吗？
halloween, or hallowe'en, a holiday celebrated on the night of october 31, is a mix of ancient celtic practices, catholic and roman religious rituals and european folk traditions that blended together over
time to create the holiday we know today.
万圣节前夜（每年10月31日），在其形成过程中逐渐融合了凯尔特习俗、天主教仪式和欧洲民间传统，最终形成了我们今天所见的这
样一个节日。
ancient
远古时期
shades: throughout ancient history, shades meant the spirit of a
dead person, residing in the underworld.
幽灵：远古时期，人 carving gourds into elaborately decorated lanterns dates back
thousands of years to africa.
将葫芦精雕细刻、做成灯笼的习俗可追溯到几千年前的非洲。
800-450 b.c.
公元前800-450年
the ancient celts believed that wearing masks would ward off evil
spirits.
古凯尔特人相信戴上面具可以避开邪灵。
pre-1st century
1世纪前
samhain: the festival of samhain is a celebration of the end of the
gaelic harvest season.
死神节：盖尔人（苏格兰和爱尔兰的凯尔特人）庆祝丰收季节结束
的节日。
1st century
1世纪
gaels believed that the border between this world and the otherworld became thin on sambain; because animals and plants were dying, it allowed the dead to reach back through the veil that separated them from
the living.
盖尔人相信，在死神节，现世与冥界的边界会逐渐消失。动物和植物纷纷死去，而死者将穿过把他们同生者隔开的幕布重回世间。 bonfires played a major role in the festival of samhain. celebrants wore costumes, mostly skins and animal heads, and danced around
bonfires.
篝火对于死神节来说是必不可少的。参加庆典的人们穿上动物的
皮毛和头颅做成的服装，围着篝火舞蹈。
by a.d. 43, romans had conquered much of celtic territory. two roman festivals were combined with the celtic celebration of samhain: feralia, a day in late october when romans commemorated the passing of the dead, and a day to honor pomona, roman goddess of fruit and
trees.
公元43年，罗马人占领了凯尔特人的大部分领土，并将两个罗马节日与死神节的传统结合起来：一个是纪念死者的feralia节(十月
末的一天)，另一个是纪念罗马的果树女神pomona的节日。 werewolf: the original werewolf of classical mythology, lycaon, a king of arcadia who, according to ovid's metamorphoses, was turned
into a ravenous wolf by zeus. possibly the source of the term
lycanthropy.
狼人：古罗马诗人奥维德在他的《变形记》中描绘了古典神话中狼人的原型——阿卡迪亚王吕卡翁，由于触怒天神宙斯而被变成了一
匹狼。也许“变狼妄想狂”一词就是来源于这个故事。
3rd century
3世纪
in the roman catholic church, a commemoration of "all martyrs"
was celebrated between mid april and early may.
在每年四月中旬到五月初这段时间，罗马天主教会庆祝一个名为
“众殉道者节”的纪念性节日。
7th century
7世纪
the festival of all siants dates to may 13 in 609 or 610, when pope
boniface ivconsecrated the pantheon at rome.
公元609或610年，教皇卜尼法斯四世为罗马万神殿祝圣，并将
5月13日定为“众圣人节”。
this date was an ancient pagan observation, the end of the feast of the lemures, in which the evil and restless spirits of all the dead were
appeased.
这一节期原本是古老的异教节日——勒姆瑞斯（夜游魂）节的末尾，在这一节日期间人们试图安抚那些邪-恶且永不安宁的亡魂。
8th century
8世纪
pope gregory iii designated november 1st all saints' day, a time to
honor saints and martyrs.
教皇格列高利三世将每年11月1日定为“众圣人节”，以此纪念
圣人和殉道者。
many believe the pope was attempting to replace the celtic festival
of the dead with a related, but church-sanctioned holiday.
人们相信，教皇此举是为了用一个教会认可的节日来替代凯尔特
的亡者之节日。
saint boniface declared that belief in the existence of witches was
un-christian.
圣卜尼法斯（680-754，本笃会修士，美因茨大主教）宣布，相信女
巫的存在是不合基-督教教义的。
10th century
篇七：万圣节的起源
the history halloween 万圣节的神秘起源
halloween is on october 31st, the last day of the celtic calendar. it was originallya paganholiday, honoring the dead. halloween was referred to as all hallows eve and dates back to over 2000 years ago. 10月31日是万圣节，这也是凯尔特历的最后一天。万圣节起初是一个异教徒的节日，纪念死去的人。万圣节源于圣徒日前夜，始于2000多年前。 all hallows eve is the evening before all saints day, which was created by christians to convertpagans, and is celebrated on november 1st. the catholic church honored saints on this designated day.
圣徒日前夜是圣徒日的前一天晚上，圣徒日在11月1日，是基-督徒开创的节日，用来劝说异教徒皈依基-督，天主教堂在这一天纪念圣徒们。
the origin of halloween
万圣节的起源
while there are many versions of the origins and old customs of halloween, some remain consistentby all accounts. different cultures view holloween somewhat differently but traditional halloween practices remain the same.
尽管关于万圣节的起源和旧俗有很多不同的看法，但有一些是被所有人接受的。不同文化看待万圣节总是有点不同，但是传统的万圣节做的事情都是一样的。
halloween culture can be traced back to the druids, a celtic
culture in ireland, britain and northern europe. roots lay in the feastof samhain, which was annually on october 31st to honor the dead.
万圣节文化可以追溯到德鲁伊教，这是一种爱尔兰、北欧和英国的凯尔特文化，根植于samhain节的庆祝活动，samhain节于每年的10月31日纪念逝者。
samhain signifies "summers end" or november. samhain was a harvest festival with huge sacred bonfires, marking the end of the
celtic year and beginning of a new one. many of the practices involved in this celebration were fed on superstition.
samhain节说明夏天结束或者十一月，是一个丰收的节日。在samhain节会燃起神圣巨大的篝火，标志着凯尔特一年的结束和新一年的开始。一些做法因为迷信被加入庆祝活动中。
the celts believed the souls of the dead roamed the streets and villages at night. since not all spirits were thought to be friendly, gifts and treats were left out to pacifythe evil and ensure next years crops would be plentiful. this custom evolved into trick-or-treating.
凯尔特人相信死者的灵魂会在夜里出没在街道和村庄 。因为他 这种习俗演变成了trick-or-treating。
Halloween is a traditional October Festival. It began after sunset a long time ago. People believe that witches gather together and ghosts roam on Halloween.
Most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. However, these supernatural beings are still a part of Halloween and a part of all saints' day.
罗伯特·布里奇 robert bridges - a school portrait
i had not visited eton for many years, when one day passing from the fellow’s library into the gallery i caught sight of the portrait of my school-friend digby dolben hanging just without the door among our most distinguished contemporaries. i was wholly arrested, and as i stood gazing on it, my companion asked me if i knew who it was. i was thinking that, beyond a few whom i could name, i must be almost the only person who would know. far memories of my boyhood were crowding freshly upon me: he was standing again beside me in the eager promise of his youth; i could hear his voice; nothing of him was changed; while i, wrap from him in a confused mist of time, was wondering what he would think, could he know that at this actual moment he would have been dead thirty years, and that his memory would be thus preserved and honored in the beloved school, where his delicate spirit had been so strangely troubled.
this portrait-gallery of old etonians is very se-le-ct: preeminent distinction of birth or merit may win you a place there, or again official connection with the school, which right loves to keep up an unbroken panorama of its teachers, and to vivify its annals with the faces and figures of the personalities who carried on its traditions. but how came dolben there? it was because he was a poet, --that i knew;--and yet his poems were not known they were jealously guarded by his family and a few friends: indeed such of his poems as could have come to the eyes of the authorities who sanctioned this memorial would not justify it. there was another reason; and the portrait bears its won credentials; for though you might not perhaps divine the poet in it, you can see the saint, the soul rapt in contemplation, the habit of stainless life, of devotion, of enthusiasm for high ideals. such a being must have stood out conspicuously among his fellows; the facts of his life would have been the ground of the faith in his genius; and when his early death endeared and sanctified his memory, loving grief would generously grant him the laurels which he had never worn.
我已有多年未访问伊顿公学；当有一天从fellow’s library [1] 经过进入陈列室时，我看到我的校友digby dolben [2] 的肖像与我们这个时代最卓越的人的肖像挂在了一起。我完全被吸引住了，而当我驻足凝视它时，我的同伴问我是否知道他是谁。我想，除了几个我记得起名字的人之外，我几乎一定是唯一知道的人了。少年时代的遥远记忆就像才发生一样向我簇拥而来：他又一次站在我身旁，年轻、踌躇满志；我仿佛能听到他的声音，他一点也没变；然而，当我被关于他的时间之雾包围时，我好奇他会怎么想，他是否知道在他去世30年后的这一刻，他的记忆会因此得以保存并受人敬仰，就在这所名校中，在他微妙的灵魂一度被奇怪地困扰的地方。
这个老伊顿学生肖像的陈列馆中挂出的肖像是经过精挑细选的：出身显赫、品格高贵可以为你在那赢得一个席位，或者在毕业后与学校有官方上的联系——他们热衷于维持师生之间不变的全景画，热衷于让那些与继承学校传统的面貌形象有关的校史记录保持鲜活。但，dolben的肖像为什么会在那呢？因为他是一个诗人？——这我知道，但他的诗歌鲜为人知，都被家人和少数几个朋友小心翼翼地保存了起来。即使这些数量稀少的作品能入得了负责挑选肖像的权威人士的法眼，也并不足以让他名列其中。还有另外一个原因，肖像就是一种证明的效力，或许你无法看出他是诗人，但你却可以看到圣人的特质：灵魂沉浸于深思、纯洁无暇、对崇高理想满怀热情与献身精神。这样的特征一定使他在同龄人中出类拔萃；他的生活经历足以让我们相信他是一位天赋秉异的才人。而当他的英年早逝洗净了记忆的尘埃并唤醒了世人的爱慕之时，吝爱的悲悯将会慷慨的
赋予他未曾拥有的桂冠。
注：
[1] fellow’s library位于剑桥大学耶稣学院，建于1676-77 年。
[2] digby dolben，罗伯特·布里奇的堂兄弟，英国诗人，于1867年6月28日溺水而卒。 robert bridges 译文赏析：
1、原文：“far memories of my boyhood were crowding freshly upon me: he was standing again
beside me in the eager promise of his youth。”
译文：“少年时代的遥远记忆就像才发生一样向我簇拥而来：他又一次站在我身旁，年轻、踌躇满志。“
这句翻译的很好。首先，作者把 ”freshly“ 译为”像才发生一样“，而我认为这一点比刘士聪先生译为”鲜活地涌进“更为合理。在汉语里用“鲜活地”显得很奇怪，因为“鲜活地”修饰后面的动作“涌进”，涌进不能说是“鲜活”，只能说是“迅速地”或者“大量地”。其次，”in the eager promise of his youth”译为“年轻、踌躇满志”也很巧妙。译者并没有死板得按照英文的语法顺序，而事实上这样做也根本行不通。把 ”youth” 译为汉语中的“年轻”，名词转化为形容词，而“eager promise”在理解意义的基础上找出对应的汉语四字结构，既语义准确，又没有丢掉英文的文笔。刘士聪先生译为“焕发着青春的风采”，显得有些平淡无味。
2、原文：while i, wrap from him in a confused mist of time, was wondering what he would think, could he know that at this actual moment he would have been dead thirty years, and that his memory would be thus preserved and honored in the beloved school, where his delicate spirit had been so strangely troubled.
译文：然而，当我被关于他的时间之雾包围时，我好奇他会怎么想，他是否知道在他去世
30年后的这一刻，他的记忆会因此得以保存并受人敬仰，就在这所名校中，在他微妙的灵魂一度被奇怪地困扰的地方。
我认为这部分翻译的有失妥当，可以参照刘士聪先生译文：“同时我在寻思着，因为与他之间相隔一段宛若迷雾的年月，假如他知道在这一时刻他已经死了三十年，他可爱的母校在以这样的方式纪念他，给他这样高的荣誉，而他上学时，他脆弱的心灵曾经莫名其妙地烦恼过，他会作怎样的感想呢？”
试译：而我与他相隔迷雾般萦绕的时间，寻思如果他知道此时他已逝世三十年，并被他所深爱的母校——他的脆弱灵魂曾感受无端困惑的地方——缅怀和敬仰，他会怎么想。
3、原文：…which right loves to keep up an unbroken panorama of its teachers, and to vivify its annals with the faces and figures of the personalities who carried on its traditions.
译文：他们热衷于维持师生之间不变的全景画，热衷于让那些与继承学校传统的面貌形象有关的校史记录保持鲜活。
这一句话译者自己也没有理解原文意思，所以翻译出来就更加抽象难懂。可以参照刘士聪译文：“而校方也希望完整地再现教师队伍的全貌，使那些保持了学校传统的名人形象构成的校史有生气。”
万圣节的由来
万圣节是西洋鬼节，对国外来说万圣节就像我们的中元节，这一天他们会把自己打扮的鬼模鬼样，到处举办狂欢派对。
“万圣节”这个字，起源自天主教教会。每年的 11 月 1 日，是天主教庆祝诸圣的节日 all hallows day 或 all saint's day。
而在万圣节前夕，每年十月三十一日的前夕是塞尔特族人的年度丰收祭典，象征着一年的结束，以及新一年的开始。
当时二千多年前的塞尔特族人（即目前的苏格兰人、爱尔兰人等）一年之中最害怕的日子莫过于十月三十一日的晚上，他们相信世人的生活是由神明所主宰的，而死亡之神 samhain 在会在每年 10 月 31 日的夜晚会和逝者一起重返人间。
所以每年的这一天是塞尔特族人表达他们对太阳神的敬意，因为太阳神让他们的谷物丰收，以应付即将到来的冬天！可是在这一个夜晚也是恶灵力量最强大的一天，传说中，每年到了这一天，所有时空的法则都会失效，使得阴阳两界合而为一。因此，这是游魂出没找替死鬼的唯一机会。
在 10 月 31 日晚上惊骇的时刻，活着的塞尔特人会为了躲避灵魂的搜索，在这天晚会上把家里的炉火灭了，营造出一个寒冷阴森的环境，并刻意用动物的头或皮毛做成的服饰打扮自己成鬼怪的模样，口中发出可怕的声音，企图吓走灵魂也让灵魂分不清谁是活的人，而不能够找到替身；过了这个晚上，第二天就是万圣节，一切也就回复平静了。
万圣节的习俗 ：
面具化装
在古时候，如果有旱灾或是其它重大的灾难，人们便会带上丑陋的面具，因为他们害怕深夜还在外面游走的恶灵，如果晚上必须出门，便会戴上面具或用动物的皮毛装饰自己，希望恶灵认不出他们来，或被丑陋的面具吓走。
后来敬畏鬼神的宗教意味逐渐转薄，慢慢开始有小孩穿上鬼和精灵的衣服，出去吓邻居 trick or treat（不给糖，就捣蛋），要大人请吃糖果的趣味习俗。
南瓜灯 pumpkin lantern
在万圣节还有雕刻南瓜灯的习俗，这是一则趣味的爱尔兰的民间传说。据说有一个名叫杰克的'酒鬼，他有一天邀请恶灵来一起喝酒，但喝完后却没钱付账，他就设计要恶灵变成六便士 （ six pennies ） 来付酒钱，可是杰克又没拿它来付钱，反而用一条银纸镇住恶灵让它出不来。
恶灵苦苦哀求杰克放他出来并答应不来吓他、骚扰他，于是杰克就它出来，到了第二年万圣节，恶灵又与杰克达成协议，答应这一年不会来骚扰杰克，但没过多久杰克就过世了，这时天堂拒绝收容他，杰克只好到地狱报到，可是因为恶灵已经答应他这一年不骚扰他，所以也无法收容杰克。
天堂地狱都去不得，杰克怎么办呢？而且路实在是太黑了，杰克也找不出路离开，这时恶灵就丢给他一块已经烧得通红的煤炭让他在黑暗的地狱中比较能看清楚路，杰克将这小块媒炭灰烬放在一个打了许多洞的菜头当中，好让它烧久一点。
根据这个传说，后来爱尔兰人就用菜头来制作他们所谓的"杰克灯笼"。但是当移民们到了美国之后，发现新大陆的南瓜比菜头普遍，于是改为用南瓜雕刻成各种鬼脸，然后在里面摆蜡烛了，这就是“南瓜灯”的由来
咬苹果游戏，
游戏时，人们让苹果漂浮在装满水的盆子里面，然后让小孩不用手的情况下去咬苹果，谁先咬到谁赢了。
As the Halloween is coming soon, there are many stores selling the relative products and many kids are attracted deeply. This festival originated in western country and now the world is celebrating it. Every year, there will be a big parade and all kinds of horrible images appear. The ghosts, the walking deads and vampires are favored by the young people, they like to dress like these images and join the parade. For the kids, they like to hang out together and ask for candy from door to door. Treat or trick is their slogan, they can always get the candy. Some naughty guys even throw eggs and this habit annoys many people, some stores will refuse to sell eggs to kids on this day, just in case of the accident. In all, the young people are enjoying great party in Halloween.
Halloween is a traditional October Festival. It begins after sunset. People believe that witches gather together and ghosts roam on Halloween.
Most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. However, these supernatural beings are still a part of Halloween. Black and orange are also part of it.
Black is the symbol of night and orange is the color of Pumpkin Jack lanten Jack's lantern is a hollowed out pumpkin with a face carved on one side. The candle is usually placed inside to give a terrible light to the face. The jack-o-lantern tradition comes from a folk story about a man named Jack who cheated the devil and had to roam the earth with him.
Jack's lantern was made by placing a candle in a hollow pumpkin. The pumpkin was carved to look like a ghost Face. One of the most popular customs of Halloween is that, according to tradition, people wear costumes (special clothes, masks or disguises) to scare ghosts away.
Halloween is a traditional October Festival. It began after sunset a long time ago. People believe that witches gather together and ghosts roam around on Halloween.
Most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. However, these supernatural beings are still part of Halloween. Black and orange are also part of it.
Black is the symbol of the night and orange is the pumpkin Color. Pumpkin lantern is a kind of hollowed out pumpkin with a face carved on one side. The candle is usually placed inside to give the face a strange light.