在平凡的学习、工作、生活中，许多人都有过写作文的经历，对作文都不陌生吧，作文是通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。如何写一篇有思想、有文采的作文呢？
四级写作：历年考试精选作文
Everyone has his ideals. A businessman wishes to make greater profit; a farmer expects plumper harvests; a student tries to learn more and better. And
However, one should be sensible about whether his ideal is well founded or not. If it is, one has to plan and work hard for its realization. Effort, skill and persistence are all necessary. And very often, one has to get help from others, including advice and support in one form or another.
My ideal is to become a doctor. It is said that the field of medicine is a well-paid profession, but I take it as a lofty profession entrusted with saving people’s lives. To realize my ideal I have concentrated on laboratory work to develop the analytical skills necessary to become a qualified doctor. Ijm sure^willjiealizejm^jidealjifrperseverejinjthisjpursuit. (156 words)
对白：
子：Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste(处理核废料)
父：If you can empty the dustbin(垃圾筒) here, you can do anything
Directions：
For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
烈日炎炎，轰轰烈烈，6月15日，小千万中国大学生参加的四六级考试今日开始。
上午的四级考试，最大的亮点之一，就是写作。亮点在于其命题形式：图画作文。
图画的内容和构图不难：父亲和男孩子的对话，孩子说“ Dad，I am a bit worried about disposing ofnuclear weapon. (爸爸，我有点担心清除核武器这个问题)”，父亲则回答“ If you can empty the dustbin, you can doanything. (如果你能把垃圾桶倒掉，你就能坐好任何事情)” ，说话间，手指着垃圾桶。
这幅图画和6月的六级漫画作文非常相似，当时的图中，也是两人对话，女儿和父亲。父亲问女儿：“ Hi, sweetie, how was your school today ? (嘿，小甜心，你在今天在学校过得怎么样？)” 女儿非常冷漠的回答：“Dad,youcan read all about it on my blogs. (爹O，你自己可以在我的博客上读到所有内容)”，然后呢，女儿拔腿出门，留下父亲一脸惊愕。
说回这个四级的作文题。
作文的第一段，要进行简单描绘图画内容，这是必须的，也是题目中强制要求的(a brief description of the picture)。描述的时候，只要把父子两的对话移植到第一段，然后把父亲手指垃圾桶的动作描绘一下就可以了，非常简单。
作文的第二段，进行主旨提炼并且论述。这幅图画很容易看出主题，那就是做大事之前，要先做小事(一屋不扫，何以扫天下),而且题目中其实早就已经透露了主题了 (express your views on the importance ofdoing small things before undertaking something big.)因此，第二段通篇论述小事做起的重要性就可以了。属于我在课堂上讲过的作文三大分类之“积极主题，论述意义”
作文第三段，总结。这一段再次强调小事做起的意义，我们不能低估他的威力。文章最后可以以名人名言作为结尾。
请看范文：
We can see from the cartoon that there is a father talking with his son. Havingheard his son’s words that “ Dad, I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclearweapon.” The father replies that “ If you can empty the dustbin here, you cando anything” and points the garbage can beside him.
Funny and common as the conversation sounds, it reflects that the father intends to advise his son to do small things beforeundertaking big. Definitely, doing small things is the first step of success and will lay root for doing something big. By doing something small, we are able to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other words, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who desire to do something big at once will constantly be haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures, as with opportunities-“something big”- showing up , they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things. Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty the dustbin?
From my perspective, under no circumstances should we undervalue the power of doing small things. Instead, we should regard small things as the source of experience, skills and the prerequisite of success. “Great achievement only belongs to those who can do small things perfectly.” Aristotle also used to say.
范文译文：
如图所示，我们可以看见有一位父亲正在和他的儿子聊天。当父亲听到儿子说：“ 爸爸，我有点担心如何处理核武器这个问题” 的时候，父亲指着身边的垃圾桶，并且回答道：“ 如果你可以把垃圾桶倒掉，你就可以做到任何事情”。
尽管这段父子对话听起来滑稽、普通，然而他折射出父亲的意图，想劝告儿子在做大事之前，要先做好小事。很明显，做好小事情是成功的第一步，并且能为将来的大事情打下基础。通过做小事情，我们可以积累经验，掌握技能，并且让我们自己变得更加具有耐心。换句话说，我们可以在做小事情的过程中，为将来的大事情做好充分准备。相反的，哪些想要一上来就做大事情的人，通常会遭受失望、挫折甚至是失� 以所给的这幅图画为例，如果这个男孩都不知道如何倾倒垃圾桶，他怎么可能做成功处理核武器这样的大事呢？
在我看来，任何时候我们都不应该轻视做小事的威力。取而代之的是，我们应该将小事情视为经验、技能的源泉，和成功的先决条件。亚里士多德也曾经说过：“ 伟大的成就，只属于那些能够将小事情做到完美的人”。
Young university students are sensitive to fashions. Some are keen on following fashions: they use mobile phones of the latest style; they wear stylish clothes; they enjoy popular music. Some people are not happy with this phenomenon. They argue that university students should focus on their studies rather than on fashions. They say fashions cost so much that university students cannot afford them. Some students follow fashions crazily, for fear of losing face. Fashions have caused much trouble on campus. However, others may hold different opinions. They say fashions can drive students to work harder for a better life and broaden their horizons, which is essential for their future development. I understand those students who follow fashions, but they must be responsible and not go to extremes. If their family is poor, there is no need for them to have such luxurious hobbies.
A Letter to the University President Topic 8
Most courses in universities and colleges today are compulsory, however, there are a few courses that are optional. Despite its small percentage, optional courses have given rise to the question whether college students should choose their courses at their own wills.
As far as I am concerned, I think college students should be encouraged to choose courses they are interested in. As the saying goes, "Interest is the best teacher". Students will certainly study more efficiently the subjects they willingly choose than the ones they are forced to choose. What’s more, because the subjects they choose are no longer a burden, they may become more active in the study concerned.
So I incline to say that colleges and universities should set up more optional courses for students to choose.
There is a universal phenomenon among college students that in English learning they don’t attach much importance to spelling, which can find expression in the fact that numerous mistakes will arise in their compositions.
I reckon that the primary reason why the majority of students ignore spelling in their English learning is that computers are performing increasingly important role in our daily life. Mostly, there is no need for us to use our pen or pencil when we compose an article or submit our assignments to the teachers. Therefore the students acquire more and more skills in computer operation. Yet, their spelling mistakes in their articles are accumulating.
In order to untangle the problem, we are supposed to enable students to minimize the usage of computers in our daily life, and the teachers are expected to maximize the chance for students in writing on paper.
点评
总体来讲这篇四级作文出的基本中规中矩。
从结构来看属于典型的给定观点的文章，三段论很清晰，任务很明确。能用到的语言也在我们的预测范围之内。
第一段，开头的句子我们就可以写到：Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in peoples attitude towards some traditional practice只是紧接着只需要把spelling放到后面点明即可。后面加上一句This issue has been brought into public focus and called for further concern.
第一段就圆满了。
第二段开头任务明确写原因：
开头句子给大家备好了：
A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones.
这段的内容是比较好想的，第一个原因我准备从信息角度入手，并且在内容的预测上我也是给同学们准备了信息方面的句子。
First, information is expanding at such an increasing rate that our society is called the one of information. The information is so immense that students haven t ample energy and time to deal deeply with spelling,这里我用到了很好的代词:one,和句式：so…that…既然是范文我就自己小小的发挥了一下：some computer programs, such as word ，have done the spelling checking work for us 。
第二个原因：万恶考为首，
Second, the standardized-test oriented way of English learning, in which the high score can be achieved without spelling, put students to the position in which they have the quite reason to ignore spelling.
在这个句子中用到了同学们熟悉的表达：put students to the position.还很拽的`用到了一个主干隔离结构in which the high score can be achieved without spelling，一个好的单词test oriented
这段也很圆满。
第三段:这段更是平淡无奇：
但开头的句子是没有问题的，我们很熟悉的开头句。
This issue may lead to a number of unfavorable consequences, with the following two the most serious.
后面有两种写法：
一种是写危害：
但是诚实的讲我认为这个现象没有什么太大的危害，但是不写的话又无话可说了。
我自己也是想了很久才想到了两点所谓的危害。
For one thing ，… for another ，这样的句子和京剧里面的亮相是一个概念。
For one thing, the information would be incorrect when conveyed by hand- writing way and cause some bad effects. For another, we may indulge ourselves in this way of inaccuracy which may influence our attitude of learning or research.
这两个危害我是憋了好久才想出来了，又不敢写的太难，大家就将就看了，
有危害总要解决下吧，咱的强项啊！
The awareness of the importance of this issue should be enhanced and some proper measures should be taken. It is reasonable for us to believe that the situation will be improved in the near future. 多棒的结尾啊！
还有一种写法就是：直接写解决的方法会简单些 ：
In view of the importance of this issue ， effective measures should be taken before things get worse. For one thing, it is essential that students should be encouraged to use less automatic spelling checking tools.（回忆下上课讲的上下义词） For another, spelling should be highlighted in the English test ，such as CET-4 and CET 6.What’s more ，the public should enhance their awareness of the importance of spelling 。With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the situation of poor spelling will be improved in the near future.
针对不同的两个原因提出两个不同的解决方法。
参考范文：
Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in peoples attitude towards some traditional practice, especially in the area of English learning ， one of which is less attention has been given to spelling by college students 。 This issue has been brought into public focus and called for further concern.
A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones. First, information is expanding at such an increasing rate that our society is called the one of information. The information is so immense that students haven t ample energy and time to deal deeply with spelling, and some computer programs, such as word ，have done the spelling checking work for us 。 Second, the standardized-test oriented way of English learning, in which the high score can be achieved without spelling, put students to the position in which they have the quite reason to ignore spelling.
This issue may lead to a number of unfavorable consequences, with the following two the most serious. For one thing, the information would be incorrect when conveyed by hand- writing way and cause some bad effects. For another, we may indulge ourselves in this way of inaccuracy which may influence our attitude of learning or research. The awareness of the importance of this issue should be enhanced and some proper measures should be taken. It is reasonable for us to believe that the situation will be improved in the near future.
三段的第二种写法：In view of the importance of this issue ， effective measures should be taken before things get worse. For one thing, it is essential that students should be encouraged to use less automatic spelling checking tools. For another, spelling should be highlighted in the English test ，such as CET-4 and CET 6.What’s more ，the public should enhance their awareness of the importance of spelling 。With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the situation of poor spelling will be improved in the near future.
The happy summer vacation began. A group of lively and lovely children came to the green grass park to play happily.
In the distance, the sun is setting, and the red sunset glow is brilliant and colorful. The red house with exquisite shape, elegant and beautiful, has a national style, which is really unique. The trees covered with branches and leaves are full of vitality. The pavilions are as lush as a canopy. They stand proudly in a prominent place in the park. The tree is like a mushroom cloud. The grass beside it is fluffy, like a green carpet on the ground.
A child was sitting on a slide with exquisite shapes. He looked like a teenager. He was wearing red clothes, purple shorts, a baby face, with a flat head and curved willow eyebrows. He was laughing... Some children were playing on the seesaw, and some were swinging... They were sitting at both ends of the seesaw, holding the seesaw in their hands, pedaling on the ground, going up and down together, The cooperation is very tacit. How happy they are! The park was full of childrens laughter.
The summer vacation is really happy. It is simply our paradise. I really hope that the time of the summer vacation will become slower, so as to keep the summer fun in mind in our childhood dreams forever!
In this summer holiday, I did a lot of interesting things, but what I was most interested in was the table tennis match with my father.
The game began. I kicked off first. I served the ball over the net with my signature "Kong Linghui" service. Dad also played his best game - chopping. I threw the ball back on the table. But the good times did not last long, and he was blocked by his fathers powerful smash. Dad gets one point first. But I still followed my father closely. Before half-time, I was temporarily behind by 5:7. I thought: "I borrowed a subsidy from my father for his strong smash, but I can use a low ball to restrain my fathers strong smash!" So I secretly rejoiced beside me and thought, "ha ha, your secret weapon will become a weapon for losing points." as expected, I scored three points in a row at the beginning of the second half. However, I was too proud, and finally I lost the first game with 9:11 During the rest time, I kept my feet steady and saw that the table was curved, so I thought, "the serve can make a corner, and the ball will bounce to the side. Then I can taste the taste of getting something for nothing." The second game began. The score of my fathers two serves was 1:1. It was my turn to serve. I scored all the points after my two serves. However, my new bomber was not smooth sailing, and I also lost three points. The first half ended, and I scored 7:6. In the second half, I began to master my new bomber. The second game ended, and I won 11:8 In the third set, that is, the decisive set, I played like water and wind, and beat my father 11:6
I was so happy that I danced and danced. At the same time, I also learned that as long as I use my mind, I can succeed!
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter.
B) A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on his wife.
C) A father's message for his daughter.
D) The history of a century-old motel.
2. A) She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.
B) She wanted to honor her father's promise.
C) She had been asked by her father to do so.
D) She was excited to see her father's handwriting.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) People were concerned about the number of bees.
B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.
C) Two million bees were infected with disease.
D) Zika virus had destroyed some bee farms.
4. A) It apologized to its customers.
B) It was forced to kill its bees.
C) It lost a huge stock of bees.
D) It lost 2.5 million dollars.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) It stayed in the air for about two hours.
B) It took off and landed on a football field.
C) It proved to be of high commercial value.
D) It made a series of sharp turns in the sky.
6. A) Engineering problems.
B) The air pollution it produced.
C) Inadequate funding.
D) The opposition from the military.
7. A) It uses the latest aviation technology.
B) It flies faster than a commercial jet.
C) It is a safer means of transportation.
D) It is more environmentally friendly.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) It seems a depressing topic.
B) It sounds quite alarming.
C) It has little impact on our daily life.
D) It is getting more serious these days.
9. A) The man doesn't understand Spanish.
B) The woman doesn't really like dancing.
C) They don't want something too noisy.
D) They can't make it to the theatre in time.
10. A) It would be more fun without Mr. Whitehead hosting.
B) It has too many acts to hold the audience's attention.
C) It is the most amusing show he has ever watched.
D) It is a show inappropriate for a night of charity.
11. A) Watch a comedy.
B) Go and see the dance.
C) Book the tickets online.
D) See a film with the man.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she is.
B) She simply has no idea what school to transfer to.
C) There are too many activities for her to cope with.
D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.
13. A) Seek advice from senior students.
B) Pick up some meaningful hobbies.
C) Participate in after-school activities.
D) Look into what the school offers.
14. A) Give her help whenever she needs it.
B) Accept her as a transfer student.
C) Find her accommodation on campus.
D) Introduce her to her roommates.
15. A) She has interests similar to Mr. Lee's.
B) She has become friends with Catherine.
C) She has chosen the major Catherine has.
D) She has just transferred to the college.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on health.
B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.
C) To discover what most mice like to eat.
D) To determine what feelings mice have.
17. A) When they are hungry.
B) When they are thirsty.
C) When they smell food.
D) When they want company.
18. A) They search for food in groups.
B) They are overweight when food is plenty.
C) They prefer to be with other mice.
D) They enjoy the company of other animals.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) Its construction started before World War I.
B) Its construction cost more than $ 40 billion.
C) It is efficiently used for transport.
D) It is one of the best in the world.
20. A) To improve transportation in the countryside.
B) To move troops quickly from place to place.
C) To enable people to travel at a higher speed.
D) To speed up the transportation of goods.
21. A) In the 1970s.
B) In the 1960s.
C) In the 1950s.
D) In the 1940s.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) Chatting while driving.
B) Messaging while driving.
C) Driving under age.
D) Speeding on highways.
23. A) A gadget to hold a phone on the steering wheel.
B) A gadget to charge the phone in a car.
C) A device to control the speed of a vehicle.
D) A device to ensure people drive with both hands.
24. A) The car keeps flashing its headlights.
B) The car slows down gradually to a halt.
C) They are alerted with a light and a sound.
D) They get a warning on their smart phone.
25. A) Installing a camera.
B) Using a connected app.
C) Checking their emails.
D) Keeping a daily record.
Part I Writing(minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)
Section A
Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
1.A.He will give the woman some tips on the game.
B.The woman has good reason to quit the game.
C.He is willing to play chess with the woman.
D.The woman should go on playing chess.
2.A.The man can forward the mail to Mary.
B.She can call Mary to take care of the mail.
C.Mary probably knows Sally's new address.
D.She would like to resume contact with Sally.
3.A.His handwriting has a unique style.
B.His notes are not easy to read.
C.He did not attend today's class.
D.He is very pleased to be able to help.
4.A.The man had better choose another restaurant.
B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.
C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.
D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.
5.A.He has been looking forward to spring.
B.He has been waiting for the winter sale.
C.He will clean the woman's boots for spring.
D.He will help the woman put things away.
6.A.The woman is rather forgetful.
B.The man appreciates the woman's help.
C.The man often lends books to the woman.
D.The woman often works overtime at weekends.
7.A.Go to work on foot.
B.Take a sightseeing trip.
C.Start work earlier than usual.
D.Take a walk when the weather is nice.
8.A.The plane is going to land at another airport.
B.All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.
C.Temporary closing has disturbed the airport's operation.
D.The airport's management is in real need of improvement.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A.It specializes in safety from leaks.
B.It is headquartered in London.
C.It has a partnership with LCP.
D.It has a chemical processing plant.
10.A.He is 's friend.
B.He is a safety inspector.
C.He is a salesman.
D.He is a chemist.
11.A.Director of the safety department.
's personal assistant.
C.Head of the personnel department.
D.The public relations officer.
12. A.Walt for to call back.
B.Leave a message for
C.Provide details of their products and services.
D.Send a comprehensive description of their work.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13.A.She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.
B.She dreamed of working and living in a European country.
C.She read a lot about European musicians and their music.
D.She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.
14.A.She began taking violin lessons as a small child.
B.She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.
C.She gave her first performance with her father.
D.She became a professional violinist at fifteen.
15.A.It gave her a chance to explore the city.
B.It was the chance of a lifetime.
C.It was a great challenge to her.
D.It helped her learn classical French music.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B),C.and D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.
B.There are many misunderstandings about him.
C.His works have no match worldwide.
D.His personal history is little known.
17.A.He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.
B.He failed to go beyond grammar school.
C.He was a member of the town council.
D.He once worked in a well-known acting company.
18. A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.
B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.
C.His works were adapted beyond recognition.
D.People of his time had little interest in him.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A.Theft.
B.Cheating.
C.Air crash.
D.Road accidents.
20. A.Learn the local customs.
B.Make hotel reservations.
C.Book tickets well in advance.
D.Have the right documents.
21.A.Contact your agent.
B.Get a lift if possible.
C.Use official transport.
D.Have a friend meet you.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A.Cut down production cost.
B.Sell inexpensive products.
C.Specialise in gold ornaments.
D.Refine the taste of his goods.
23.A.At a national press conference.
B.During a live television interview.
C.During a local sales promotion campaign.
D.At a meeting of top British businesspeople.
24.A.Insulted.
B.Puzzled.
C.Distressed.
D.Discouraged.
25.A.The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.
B.He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.
C.There should be a limit to one's sense of humour.
D.He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.
Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well.Yet economic indicators show the world is 26 Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created.How can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?
The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt it.The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment.Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output.For some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing.As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.
This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic health.According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests.The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for
each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The U.S.Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.
”All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ,“ U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said.” Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most.“
Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of action.Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.
A.Announcing
B.beneficial
C.challenges
D.commitment
E.component
F.contests
G.critically
H.develop
I.distributing
J.enhance
K.entitled
L.potential
M.properly
N.qualified
O.retain
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Changes Facing Fast Food
A.Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.
B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such ”trading down“proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.
C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.
D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.
E.Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not work.Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger , the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its ”value menu“ now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.
F.Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.
G.Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including 's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its ” McCafe“ line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.
H.As fast-food companies shift from ”super size“ to ”more buys“, they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty 's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having agreater range of things on the menu, ”we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day,“ says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.
I.But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.
J.In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.”Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now,“ says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in , found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.
K.In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago.”We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world,“ he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie”Happy Meals“, because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.
46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.
47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.
48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.
49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.
50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.
51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.
52.During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.
53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.
54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.
55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), C.andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.
Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.
56.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
B.It will protect them from sunburn.
C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.
D.It will work for people of any skin color.
57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?
A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.
B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.
D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.
58.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?
A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.
B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.
C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.
D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?
A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.
C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.
D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.
60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.
B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.
C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.
But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.
Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.
61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.
D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.
62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
A.Longer life expectancies.
B.A rapid technological advance.
C.Profound changes in the workforce.
D.A growing number of the well-educated.
63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?
A.Economic growth will slow down.
B.Government budgets will increase.
C.More people will try to pursue higher education.
D.There will be more competition in the job market.
64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?
A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B.More people have to receive in-service training.
C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
65.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
A.Computers will do more complicated work.
B.More will be taken by the educated young.
C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.
D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
Part Ⅳ Translation ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。
1.大学英语四级听力真题练习
2.12月英语四级翻译真题练习：地铁报
3.英语四级写作预热练习
4.英语四级作文日常练习方法
5.英语四级练习题及答案
6.2017英语四级听力练习试题
7.英语四级练习试题
8.大学英语四级考试历年真题词汇详解
9.英语四级历年真题中最高频词汇排序及考试词频
10.6月大学英语四级听力真题模拟练习
Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to start a business of your own, but others take the attitude that finding a job is the best choice influencing their future.
As to myself, I prefer the latter view. An opportunity to start a business exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. In my view, With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates， some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own businesses. Over the years，there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurship and such attempts should be encouraged and promoted by both the universities and the society at large. What’s more ，College students who start businesses are pioneers，among whom will be born China’s future business leaders. Faced with unknown challenges， they are audacious enough to embark on a perilous journey while most of their peers enjoy stable salaries by working as white-collars at high-end office buildings.
All in all, the essential difference between the students who find a job or those students who create their own businesses is that the former are docile followers whereas the latter are aggressive trailblazers. For this reason， business-launching college graduates are more admirable， and thus they command our deep respect.
I was born on March 18. My family is neither very rich nor very poor. My parents are peasants. They work hard to support the family. They encourage me to study well. My childhood was happy.
I like learning. I like music and sports, too. I can run very fast and am the fastest runner in my class. I am good at English, Physics and Math.
I want to be a scientist. Scientists have made recorders, TV sets, and so on. They have also invented the computer. All these make our life rich, interesting and easy.
During the summer vacation, I experienced many things, big and small, and learned a lot of things. I often helped my father, mother and grandmother.
I remember that morning, after I got up, I pestered my grandmother to make dumplings for me to eat. My grandmother agreed. After a while, my grandmother took out the flour that had already been bought, called me, and started to make them together. Because this was the first time I could not do it, I watched my grandmother make them first. I saw my grandmother first make the dumplings into a circle, then press them in the middle for several times, and press them into a pot shape, then put a little sugar, press them together, and then rub them into a circle, In this way, a dumpling is made. I rubbed it like Grandmas, but the flour was relatively dry. In addition, I had no experience in it, and I didnt knead it for a long time. Because when I was about to knead it, there was a crack again. I muttered, "Im really annoyed. How can the flour be so dry? Every time I knead it, it cracked." After listening to this, grandma told me: "when making Tangyuan, you should rub it slowly and calmly. You cant be too eager for success. Once you are too eager for success, you will not rub it well or it will be ugly and bad." After listening to grandmas words, I thought about it and rubbed it according to grandmas words. It was very smooth. There were 2, 3, 4, 5... 25 in the pot. There was only the last one. I rubbed the last one in a short time. "Yeah, its done." I said happily. In a moment, the dumplings were cooked, and I ate them with relish
This is one of many things in my summer vacation. It is because of these interesting and interesting things that I have a more colorful summer vacation.
英语四级写作：历年考试精选作文
Directions: Write a composition entitled The Brain and the Computer. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
有人认为预测电脑的功能将超过人脑。请就人脑与电脑的区别写一 篇作文，你可以从体积、运算速度和结构等方面进行对比。
【经典范文】
The Brain and the Computer
Some recent developments in computer industry make scientists predict that the gap between human beings and the machine will be closed by the year 0.
To understand the significance of this prediction, let us compare the human brain with existing computers. The brain consumes electrical energy at the rate of 25 watts and occupies volume of one tenth of a cubic foot. The brain houses between 10 billion and 100 billion items of information. Every brain cell is directly connected to many other cells. As a result, the cells in which information is stored can communicate with thousands of other cells. Incontrast,jhe^computer^consu；mes_1000,000wwattsofelectricaLpower^and occupieshundredsofcubicJ:eeLofspace.^rhe^computermemoryjisJlike^acell ofpigeonholes^withnojhinking^capacityandnoconnectionselsewhere.
In a word, thejel^ctronicbrainsjcanjhopelesslysucceedJinjcomgarison with the human brains. (151 words)